Chapter 24 The Age of Imperialism

Africa Before Imperialism What Speculations can we make about Africa before Europeans got involved? 100s of Ethnic Groups 1,000s of different languages Large Empires Independent villages

Africa Before Imperialism Even by 1880s Europeans controlled only 10% of the land. What was the impact of slavery?

Nations Compete for Overseas Empires Motives Driving Imperialism Imperialism: The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life.

Africa Before Imperialism What might have prevented Europeans from taking more? Tough rivers to navigate What Changed that?

Africa Before Imperialism What might have prevented Europeans from taking more? African armies What changed that?

Africa Before Imperialism What might have prevented Europeans from taking more? Disease Malaria What changed that? Quinine

Nations Compete for Overseas Empires Why did Europeans (at first) go into Africa? Explorers Humanitarians (opposed the slave trade) Missionaries

Nations Compete for Overseas Empires David Livingston & Henry Stanley Missionary & American Journalist

“Dr. Livingston, I presume”

Nations Compete for Overseas Empires Motives Driving Imperialism Explorer mentality Social Darwinism: Survival of the fittest Civilize “barbarians” Have an adventure! Tell people about it back home Status as an adventuresome man

Nations Compete for Overseas Empires Forces Enabling Imperialism Technology 1889- Invention of the Maxim gun

Nations Compete for Overseas Empires Forces Enabling Imperialism Technology 1889- Invention of the Maxim gun What else? Steam ships Railroads Cables Quinine

Variety of Language and cultures Low level of technology National Pride Economic competition $$$$ Missionaries Variety of Language and cultures Low level of technology Ethnic Strife

African Lands Become European Colonies 1880- It’s on South Africa 1867 Diamonds discovered

African Lands Become European Colonies 1880- It’s on South Africa 1867 Diamonds discovered 1886 Gold Discovered

African Lands Become European Colonies Berlin Conference Divides Africa What might have every European country been worried about? Berlin Conference 1884-85 How did Europeans divide Africa? By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free

African Lands Become European Colonies Demand for Product Shapes Colonies European goods sold in Africa? NO

African Lands Become European Colonies Demand for Product Shapes Colonies Raw materials taken from Africa? Peanuts

African Lands Become European Colonies Demand for Product Shapes Colonies Raw materials taken from Africa? Palm oil

African Lands Become European Colonies Demand for Product Shapes Colonies Raw materials taken from Africa? Cocoa

African Lands Become European Colonies Demand for Product Shapes Colonies Raw materials taken from Africa? Rubber

African Lands Become European Colonies Demand for Product Shapes Colonies Big $$$$ in mineral resources Tin

African Lands Become European Colonies Demand for Product Shapes Colonies Big $$$$ in mineral resources Copper

African Lands Become European Colonies Demand for Product Shapes Colonies

3 Groups Clash Over South Africa Ok, South Africa.

3 Groups Clash Over South Africa Africans, British and Dutch Where is Holland again?

3 Groups Clash Over South Africa Boers And British Settle in the Cape Boers: Dutch Settlers (Dutch word for farmer) 1800s- British take over Clash over policies of land and slaves 1830’s Great Trek: Boers move north, clash with Zulus

3 Groups Clash Over South Africa The Boer War What probably happened when gold was discovered in South Africa? How do you think the Boers felt about that?

3 Groups Clash Over South Africa The Boer War 1st Boer war 1880-1881 2nd Boer war 1899-1902

██ Afrikaans ██ Northern Sotho ██ Southern Sotho ██ Swati ██ Tsonga ██ Tswana ██ Venda ██ Xhosa ██ Zulu

Apartheid: The legal Separation of the races in South Africa from 1948-1994 White Coloured Indian Black