US Expansion/Imperialism (1890-1920) US History US Expansion/Imperialism (1890-1920)

Previous Foreign Policy French Treaty (1777) Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) Louisiana Purchase (1803) - France War of 1812 Era (1807-1814) – England, France Florida Purchase Treaty(1819) - Spain Monroe Doctrine (1823) Texas Settlement and Independence (1820s-1836) - Mexico Oregon Treaty (1848) – England/Canada Mexican American War (1848) - Mexico Gadsden Purchase (1853) - Mexico Alaska Purchase (1867) -Russia

Previous Foreign Policy With Whom? Where? Why?

Causes of “New” Imperialism Economics Yellow press -2 Missionary spirit Spread: Capitalism, Democracy, Christianity International Darwinism Naval power Safety valve

Hawaii Causes: Economics (Tariff) Naval Base Actions: Overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani (1893) By Americans in Hawaii, not America Results: Republic of Hawaii Rejection (1893-Cleveland) Spanish American War & Annexation (1898 – McKinley)

Causes of the Spanish American War Cuban Revolution “Butcher” Weyler Economics Yellow Press USS Maine Actions: US wins easily “the splendid little war”

Results of the Spanish American War Treaty of Paris (1898) – World Power! Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines, Cuba Treaty Debate & Ratification Filipino Revolution

Filipino Revolution 1899-1902 Debate on annexation McKinley’s decision Emilio Aguinaldo – Filipino Resistance Conventional War > Guerilla War 70,000+ US troops – extreme measures 4,200 US died, 20,000 Filipinos 200,000 Filipino civilians died National Debate (docs/writing)

China Causes Economics World Competition Actions Open Door Policy (1899) John Hay Results Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901)

Panama Canal Causes desire for a quicker route to Pacific Actions Offer to Colombia Panamanian Revolution (1903) Big Stick Diplomacy -2 Results: Building the canal Disease Achievement 1977 Treaty/1999 Return

Roosevelt Corollary Causes Debt issues in Latin America “Threats” to Monroe Doctrine? Actions Intervention to prevent intervention in Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, Dominican Republic Results: Resentment of US by Latin American nations Economic and political control of Latin America by US

Review Terms Causes: Economics, Yellow Press, Missionary Spirit, International Darwinism, Naval Power, Safety Valve Expansion: Hawaii, Spanish American War, USS Maine, Filipino Revolution, Open Door Policy, Boxer Rebellion, Panama Canal, Big Stick Policy, Roosevelt Corollary

Discussion What were two arguments for imperialism? What were two arguments against imperialism?

Yellow Press Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst

Yellow Press

International Darwinism

Naval Power – Alfred T. Mahan

Jingoism

Venezuelan Border Dispute

Queen Liliʻuokalani

Republic of Hawaii – Sanford Dole

US Economic Interest (1896)

USS Maine

Rough Riders – San Juan Hill

Filipino Revolution

Open Door Policy Each major power would get a port in China to trade. It creates a balance of power because each nation had a “sphere of influence.” It was not an official agreement. China was not consulted.

Boxer Rebellion

Treaty of Portsmouth

Great White Fleet

Great White Fleet

Panama Canal

Big Stick Policy

Big Stick Policy

Panama Canal

Returning the Canal

Gitmo

Roosevelt Corollary

Filipino Revolution 1899-1902 “The present war is no bloodless, opera bouffe engagement; our men have been relentless, have killed to exterminate men, women, children, prisoners and captives, active insurgents and suspected people from lads of ten up, the idea prevailing that the Filipino as such was little better than a dog. . . . Our soldiers have pumped salt water into men to make them talk, and have taken prisoners people who held up their hands and peacefully surrendered, and an hour later, without an atom of evidence to show that they were even insurrectos, stood them on a bridge and shot them down one by one, to drop into the water below and float down, as examples to those who found their bullet-loaded corpses.” -Philadephia Ledger, November 1901