States of Matter Standard: Students know that in solids, the atoms are closely locked in position and can only vibrate. In liquids the atoms and molecules are more loosely connected and can collide with and move past one another. In gases, the atoms and molecules are free to move independently colliding frequently. Students know that compounds are formed by combining two or more elements and that compounds have properties that are different from original elements. Students know the structure of the atom & that an atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Students know each element has a specific number of protons in the nucleus, the atomic number, and each isotope of the element has a different but specific number of neutrons in the nucleus.

Students know the structure of the atom & that an atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Isotopes

Atom Force of attraction allows for bonding Electron – charge Smallest particle of matter Structure Nucleus Proton + charge Mass Atomic # Neutron No charge Electron – charge Orbits nucleus Force of attraction allows for bonding Molecules Compounds

Atomic # = # protons in element or atom Students know each element has a specific number of protons in the nucleus, the atomic number, and each isotope of the element has a different but specific number of neutrons in the nucleus. Atomic # = # protons in element or atom Atomic Mass= amu total # of protons & neutrons Isotopes: diff. mass # , but same atomic number

Students know that compounds are formed by combining two or more elements and that compounds have properties that are different from original elements. Elements Compounds Pure substance Simplest substance/matter Not broken down by physical or chemical means 92 naturally occurring on Earth Found on Periodic Table Aka atoms Bond due to attraction between electrons and protons of diff. atoms Made up of Elements Specific ratio Chemical formula H2O 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom New properties New substance

Properties of matter Physical Chemical Change of state Texture Color Hardness Density Flexibility Melting point Luster Conduct Heat Electricity Dissolves Flammability (burn) Ability to react New Substance properties

Matter comes in three phases or states Phases of matter Solid, Liquid, and Gas Solid- vibrate only Add heat, increase molecular movement (change state) Liquid- slowly move past each other and collide Add heat, molecular speed increases (change state) Gas- collide frequently, move in all directions Add heat, increase molecular movement, expands

Students know the states of matter A. Solids Definite shape and volume Particles packed closely together Tightly fixed in one position Particles can only vibrate Types Crystalline Solids Amorphous Solids

Students know the states of matter Liquids: Definite volume, no shape Particles packed close, but move freely Particles can collide and move past one another Fluid or substance that flows

Students know the states of matter Properties of Liquids Surface tension: inward pull of molecules near the surface to be closely packed together Viscosity: resistance to flow or movement High viscosity: slow movement Low viscosity: move fast Have you ever mixed Kool-Aid with water?

Students know states of matter Gases What effect does pressure have on molecules? Type of fluid Change volume easily Particles squeezed together or spread apart Particles move in all directions No shape No volume More energy More motion

Can you illustrate the molecular motion of matter? Gas or Solid? Matter Song

Students know heat is absorbed or released to change state. Changes between Solids & Liquids Change in thermal energy = change in molecular motion Particles vibrate enough to break free of position Liquids contain more thermal energy than solids Melting occurs due to temperature Changes with air pressure Freezing: molecules slow in motion and become fixed in a position Physical Changes: melting & freezing

Changes between Liquid &Gas Condensation Reverse of vaporization Warm air meets a cool surface Loss of thermal energy Motion of particles decreases Physical change reversible Vaporization Particles in liquid gain energy to form gas Examples: evaporation or boiling Evaporation Only occurs at surface Boiling Occurs below and at surface Forms bubbles that rise and move to surface Boiling point= T° at which liquid boils Changes with air pressure

Any Questions?