History of cognitive psychology

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Presentation transcript:

History of cognitive psychology

Influential figures in the history of cognitive Psychology Wilhem Wundt (1832-1920) Edward Titchner (1867 – 1927) Herman Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) William James (1842-1910) John Watson (1842-1910) Jean Piaget Lev Vygotsky

History of cognitive psychology Wilhelm Wundt German physiologist Established the first psychology laboratory Wundt believe that psychology is based on the observation of experience Introspection – looks carefully inward Wundt’s system of “internal perception”, or the self-examination of conscious experience by objective observation of one’s consciousness.

History of Cognitive psychology EDWARD TITCHNER 1st school of Thought Structuralism Focus on the components of the mind. Believed that if the basic components of the mind could be defined and categorized  then the structure of mental processes and higher thinking could be determined. All consciousness was capable of being reduced to three states, i.e. sensation, images & affections

History of cognitive psychology HERMANN VON EBBINGHAUS Father of Memory Research A German psychologist who Pioneered experimental study of memory, and discovered the forgetting curve and the spacing effect The first person to describe the learning curve

LEARNING CURVE BY HERMANN

History of cognitive psychology WILLIAM JAMES A pioneering American Psychologist and philosopher trained as a medical doctor 2nd school of thought Function of mental processes, including consciousness; how a mental process operates How the mental process functions in the evolution of the species, what adaptive property it provides that would cause it to be selected through evolution

LEV VYGOTSKY’S THEORY OF SOCIOCULTURAL INFLUENCES Psychologist Lev Vygotsky believed that children’s sociocultural environment plays an important role in how they develop cognitively. In Vygotsky’s view, the acquisition of language is a crucial part of cognitive development. After children acquire language, they don’t just go through a set series of stages. Rather, their cognitive development depends on interactions with adults, cultural norms, and their environmental circumstances.

Jean piaget’s stage theory The scientist best known for research on cognitive development is Jean Piaget, who proposed that children’s thinking goes through a set series of four major stages. Piaget believed that children’s cognitive skills unfold naturally as they mature and explore their environment.