RED | the new green Presentation to the Business Council for Sustainable Energy & the House Climate Change Caucus Thomas R. Casten Chairman, Recycled Energy Development, LLC March 6, 2008 RED | the new green www.recycled-energy.com Recycled Energy Development, LLC

Homer Simpson’s Power Plant (Springfield, ?) RED | the new green www.recycled-energy.com

Electric Generation Plant (Craig, CO) Two-thirds of the fuel’s energy is vented to atmosphere. RED | the new green www.recycled-energy.com

Inefficient US Electric Generation U.S. Delivered Electric Efficiency Related Headlines: Wasted Energy Excess Costs Excess Pollution “Recent Warming of Arctic may Affect World Climate” -NASA “US Manufacturing Jobs Fading Away Fast” -USA Today Energy Costs Push Consumer Prices Higher” -Associated Press RED | the new green www.recycled-energy.com

US Electric Power Sector’s CO2 Emissions Electric Generation’s Increasing Contribution to Domestic CO2 Emissions US Electric Power Sector’s CO2 Emissions RED | the new green www.recycled-energy.com

Breakdown of Emitting Sources: US Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 2005 Breakdown of Emitting Sources: Heat & Power; 69% of all fossil fuel CO2 emissions RED | the new green www.recycled-energy.com

Combined Heat and Power RED | the new green Combined Heat and Power Pollution End User Site Fuel 100 units = 66 units Useful Work 33 units Electricity 33 units Thermal Energy 33 units Waste Energy CHP Plant The technology has been developed, put into service, and proven over the past 30 years to make power a different way -- to combine the production of heat and power. In this approach, many smaller plants, using modern and very clean technology, are sited at or near customer sites -- customers who need thermal energy for space conditioning or processes. The same 100 units of fuel energy now becomes 90 units in total of three useful energy products, electricity, steam, and chilled water. Only 10% of the input energy is wasted, and the pollution is reduced by dramatic amounts. It would have taken 200 units of fuel to produce this same useful energy in the conventional way, with some burned to make electric power and the rest burned to make heat, or more electric power for cooling. The carbon dioxide reduction is at least 50%, if there is no fuel switch, and if as is typically the case, the new smaller combined heat and power plants are gas fired, the carbon dioxide reduction can reach 80% for the same end use energy. Because the new technologies are so clean, the regulated pollutants fall to 6% of what would have come from conventional separate generation with old plants. Trigen is operating several plants that achieve a 94% reduction in pollution, and we expect to use new combustors in the near future that will cut regulated pollutants to 2% of conventional. The cost of generation only is $310 per kW greater than the cost of new central generation, reflecting economies of scale in construction. However, when the T&D costs are considered, central generation requires an incremental $1,242 per kW, and thus costs society $932 per kW more in total than distributed generation. Recycle Waste Heat RED | the new green www.recycled-energy.com Recycled Energy Development, LLC

Efficiencies of Energy Recycling Projects U.S. Delivered Electric Efficiency Steam Pressure Recovery (190 Projects) Combined Heat & Power (56 Projects) Industrial Waste Heat Recovery (6 Projects) RED | the new green www.recycled-energy.com

95 MW of Waste Heat Recycled from Coke Production (Gary, IN) RED | the new green www.recycled-energy.com

Silicon Production (Alloy WV) Plant uses 135 MW $60 million investment Recycles exhaust into 44 megawatts Plant will use power to expand production by 20% We are taking silicon production back from China! RED | the new green www.recycled-energy.com

US Energy Recycling (CHP) Potential EPA and DOE studies identify 200,000 megawatts CHP and waste industrial energy recycling potential Capital investment of $350 billion Annual societal savings of $70 billion Profitably eliminate 1.4 gigatons of CO2 emissions RED | the new green www.recycled-energy.com

Why Does Inefficiency Prevail? Energy laws are outmoded, designed before climate change was an issue Changing laws difficult because old rules create strong vested interests There are more winners than losers The health of our country and the planet depend on how fast the government modernizes energy regulations to give clean energy a chance. RED | the new green www.recycled-energy.com

Thank You RED | the new green www.recycled-energy.com