1. Addressing Resource Efficiency and Climate Change
An Japanese Approach
Kentaro Tamura
Leader, Climate and Energy Area
Chika Aoki-Suzuki
Task Manager, Promotion of 3R Policy and Implementation,
Sustainable Consumption and Production Area

2. Outline
Domestic Context
International Context

3. Fundamental plan for establishing sound material cycle society
Implementation plan of Basic Act for Establishing Sound Material Cycle Society (2001)
To promote the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse and Recycling)
Waste prevention and resource circulation towards resource use and associated environmental impact towards resource efficient society
reviewed and revised every 5 years; current one is third plan (2013)
Structure of Japanese 3Rs’ Policies
Basic Act for establishing sound material cycle society
Fundamental plan for establishing sound material cycle society
Wastes Disposal and Public Cleansing Act　(Waste treatment, sanitation)
Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources　(approach to production, DfE)
Packaging recycle
(2000)
Home appliance recycle
(2001)
Food waste recycle
(2001)
Demolition waste recycle
(2002)
Automobile Recycle
(2005)
Small home appliance recycle (2013)
Green purchasing Law (2001)

4. Linking low-carbon with with nature and resource-efficiency
Under Fundamental plan for establishing sound material cycle society. (3Rs strategies in Japan)
One of major national programmes is “Integrated programme to establish low-carbon society, society in harmony with nature and resource-efficient society”
Developing heat recovery facilities such as waste power generation facilities to utilise residual waste that still remains after the 3Rs efforts; so that we can further reduce green house effect gas emission from the waste sector.
Promoting recycling of biomass resources to use as raw fuels or for heat recovery such as waste generation

5. GHGs emission from waste sector in Japan (million t CO2)
Reducing GHGs emission from waste sector Monitoring under the 3Rs policy: Fundamental Plan for establishing Sound Material Cycle Society
37.1 million t CO2 in 2013, 18% reduction compared to 2000
CO2 emission by waste use as raw materials/fuels and Incineration
GHGs emission from waste sector in Japan (million t CO2)
Others (N2O)
Others (CH4)
Others (CO2)
Waste as raw materials/fuels(N2O)
Waste as raw materials/fuels(CH4)
Waste as raw materials/fuels(CO2)
Incineration (N2O)
Incineration (CH4)
Incineration(CO2)
Waste water treatment (N2O)
Waste water treatment (CH4)
Landfill (CH4)
Source: Ministry of the Environment, Japan (2016)
(fiscal year)

6. GHGs reduction by waste utilization in Japan (million t CO2)
Increasing GHGs reduction by utilizing waste as raw materials and fuels
Monitoring under the 3Rs Policy*
18.6 million t CO2 has reduced in 2012, 2.2 times larger than 2000
Fuel use of wood chips & waste oil (industrial waste), Electricity generation by MSW
GHGs reduction by waste utilization in Japan (million t CO2)
Industrial waste electricity generation
Blast furnace reducing agent (waste plastic (industrial waste) )
Synthetic gas utilization (waste plastic (MSW))
Raw material production for coke oven(waste plastic (MSW))
Blast furnace reducing agent(waste plastic (MSW))
Oil production(waste plastic (MSW))
Production and use of RPF
Manufacture and use of RDF
Fuel use of waste plastic (industrial waste)
Fuel usage of waste tires
Fuel use of wood chips (industrial waste)
Fuel use of waste oil (industrial waste)
Electricity generation by recovered gas at landfill site
Utilization of sewage sludge digested gas
Heat supply by residual heat of the cleaning plant
Electricity generation by MSW
Total (excluding industrial waste electricity generation)
Source: Ministry of the Environment, Japan (2016)
*Fundamental Plan for establishing Sound Material Cycle Society
(fiscal year)

7. International Context

8. Basic Concept of Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)

9. JCM Partner Countries

10. A Waste to Energy Project under JCM
Yangon City, Myanmar
Approximately 1,600 tonnes per day of waste, which is currently buried in landfill
The planned waste to energy plant (to be operational in 2017)
Capacity of 60 tonnes per day
Generate approximately 700 kW of electrical power.
Supplement Myanmar’s current inadequate supply of electric power
Reduce CO2 emissions by about 2,400 t-CO2/year
Image © JFE Engineering

11. Way Forward
Contributing to the Achievement of Japan’ NDC (nationally determined contrition)
Reduction in solid waste amount
Reduction in incineration of solid waste
Promotion of waste generation
Promotion of biomass use
The first JCM project of waste generation in Myanmar
Possibility in application to other countries