Mr. Sapalicio Physical Science Monterey Highlands What’s the Matter?

Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has MASS and TAKES UP SPACE. “stuff” Substance is a single kind of matter that is pure. Things that are substances are made up of the “same stuff” A chemically pure substance is a kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical process.

Properties of Matter (cont.) Every form of matter has 2 kinds of properties- physical properties and chemical properties. Properties- a characteristic quality or distinctive feature of something.

Physical Properties of Matter Physical property is a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance. What? A Physical property allows us to describe matter. For example we can identify a person by their face, their voice, height, finger prints, DNA etc.. The more of these properties that we can identify, the better we know the person. In a similar way matter has properties - and there are many of them. There are two basic types of properties that we can associate with matter. These properties are called Physical properties and Chemical properties:

Examples of Physical Properties Density, hardness, texture, and color. Solid, liquid, gas Does it dissolve in water? color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, melting point. attraction (paramagnetic) or repulsion (diamagnetic) to magnets Note that measuring each of these properties will not alter the basic nature of the substance.

Chemical Properties of Matter A Chemical property is any quality or characteristic that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity oxygen+ iron= Chemical identities Chemical make up (H2O) flammability Rust Tarnish Reactivity chemical properties cannot be determined just by viewing or touching the substance; the substance's chemical make-up must be affected for its chemical properties to be investigated.

Elements “What is stuff made of?” More than 100 different things make up stuff. These “things” are called ELEMENTS. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means. Elements are the simplest substances Simplest- there is nothing that makes these. Found just like they are.

Elements (cont.) Some familiar elements you know: Aluminum pure substance. Gold Silver These elements are represented by 1-2 letter symbols on the periodic table. One capital one lower case. O- for oxygen Al- for Aluminum

Pieces of an Element ATOMS An atom is the basic particle from which all elements are made. Particle: A very small or the smallest possible amount, trace, or degree: not a particle of doubt Different elements have different properties because their atoms are different. An atom has a positively charged center with a cloud of negative around it. When atoms combine they form a chemical bond. Ex: H2 O= H2O Molecule: groups of 2 or more atoms.

Compounds A compound is a pure substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined; (in a set ratio). CO2 – carbon dioxide Compound vs molecule A chemical formula shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms. A chemical formula just lets you know what elements are being used and how many there are in the compound.

Compounds When elements are chemically combined they form compounds having properties that are different from those of the uncombined elements. THE SNAIL? The shell is made of Calcium, Carbon, and Oxygen. That is the compound. What does the formula look like?

Mixtures (seeing is believing) Heterogeneous mixture- a mixture of anything where you can see the different parts. Ex: salad Homogeneous mixture- a mixture of anything where you cannot see the different parts. Ex: ocean water