Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 1 Windows Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 1

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 2 Windows Provide natural light and ventilation to the interior of a building The glass in the windows must be strong enough to resist wind pressure The thickness of the glass increases as the size of the glass pane increases Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 2

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian Windows Windows are available in a variety of shapes, sizes and materials. Depending on the type of window specified they can be made from: Timber (softwood or hardwood), Powder coated Aluminium, Wood grained UPVC Bow window Most modern glazing is double glazing Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

Modern Casement Window Top hung Casement Opening out Fixed Lights Side hung Casement Opening out Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

Solid Timber window Head Top hung opening sash Transom Jamb Stile Hinge Positions Jamb Stile Fixed light Fixed light Mullion Sill Side hung opening sash

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian Definitions Head The horizontal top member of a window. Sill The horizontal base of a window. Stile The vertical members of a window on the outer edges. Sashes are the frames in which the glass is mounted Transom The horizontal member in a window frame. Mullion The vertical member in a window frame. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 10 Wooden Windows Parts of the fixed frame transom Parts of the moving sash Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 10

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 11 Windows The minimum area of window in habitable room should be 10% of the floor area The minimum opening area of the window in habitable room should be 5% of the floor area Windows – Types of opening section Single-hung and double-hung windows Side hung windows Top hung windows Bottom hung windows Louvres Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 11

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 12 Windows and its sizes Custom made or standard Custom made – window designed for a specific building Standard - manufacturer produces a range of windows to fit typical windows Height is determined by the size of the lintel Other factors that influence the height are Security – Small windows are more secure Heat gain – Heat from surrounding surfaces enter through a window Glare – The intensity of light entering from outside may need to be restricted Handling – the practicalities of lifting and transporting window units Height varies from 300mm to 1500mm Window heights are increased in increments of 300mm If you build a door into the window design, then the structure has an overall height of 2100 or 2400mm Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 12

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 13 Windows and its sizes Combination windows The height of a window with a moving part should be less than 900 mm or the glass will be too heavy and subject to distortion from strong winds Although the total height can be upto 2400 mm, the vertical sash should be divided into panels Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 13

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 14 Windows and its sizes Special Glass – 2 types Wired glass – 6 mm thick, reinforced with wire – clear or obscure Toughened glass – cannot be cut – when it breaks, shatters into harmless pieces Louvered windows Window with rows of sloping blades of timber or glass called louvres fitted into a frame. Louvres slope out and down to deflect rain water. May need an insect screen to keep insects out. Glass – 3 types Clear glass – 3 to 4 mm thick Obscure glass – toilets and bathrooms – 4mm thick – come in a variety of patterns Special glass – internal or external doors for stronger safety Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 14

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 15 Two methods for fixing glass in timber shutter frames Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 15

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 16 Detailing timber windows Longitudinal Section Cross Section Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 16

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 17 Detailing timber windows Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 17