Spreadsheets Note: These are condensed keypoints for the purpose of printing for absent pupils. These are the same as the keypoints copied from the earlier slides.

A spreadsheet is divided into columns and rows of cells COPY WHOLE SLIDE SPREADSHEETS A spreadsheet is a general purpose package that is used to store data and perform calculations A spreadsheet is divided into columns and rows of cells

Each cell is identified by its Cell Reference (B3 , C5 , F26 etc.) COPY WHOLE SLIDE Each cell is identified by its Cell Reference (B3 , C5 , F26 etc.) Cells can be empty or contain numbers, text or a formula. Formulae use Cell References to perform calculations e.g. =A2+B3/C6

Formatting -This is setting out how the spreadsheet looks, e.g. COPY WHOLE SLIDE Formatting -This is setting out how the spreadsheet looks, e.g. Format as Currency (e.g. with a £ sign and 2 decimal places) Left justify, centre or right justify data Make a column wider

Arithmetic signs Addition + Subtraction – Multiplication * Division / COPY WHOLE SLIDE Arithmetic signs Addition + Subtraction – Multiplication * Division /

Average(B3 to B7) =Average(B3:B7) Max (biggest number) =Max(B3:B7) COPY WHOLE SLIDE FORMULA/FUNCTIONS When you need to add up several cells in your spreadsheet you use =SUM (A2:E2) instead of = A2 + B2 + C2 +D2 + E2 Other Useful Functions: Average(B3 to B7) =Average(B3:B7) Max (biggest number) =Max(B3:B7) Min (smallest number) =Min(B3:B7)

COPY WHOLE SLIDE Formulas can be copied automatically from one cell to a range of cells , e.g. Fill Down. This is called replication. Cell protection is useful when you want to prevent others from changing/editing certain cells on the spreadsheet. It is a good idea to protect formulae and titles. Charts are used to reflect changes in data and can be easier to understand than a large spreadsheet of figures.

COPY WHOLE SLIDE Simple Charting – Highlight the data you want to use and then select the type of chart you want Fully Labelled Charting – charts can include a title, labels on the axes and a key or legend if appropriate

e.g. typing =IF (D5 > 49, “Pass”, “Fail”) in cell E5 means that COPY WHOLE SLIDE An IF function allows choices to be made. A cell will take on one value if a certain condition is true and a different value otherwise, e.g. typing =IF (D5 > 49, “Pass”, “Fail”) in cell E5 means that if value in D5 is greater than 49 then E5 says “Pass” but if value in D5 is NOT greater than 49 then E5 says “Fail”

COPY WHOLE SLIDE RELATIVE REFERENCE- When you replicate cells, the cell references change according to the row and column they are copied to. ABSOLUTE REFERENCE- When you replicate, cell references do not change when they are copied. In Excel, an absolute reference is indicated by putting a $ in front of the cell reference. e.g. the formula = L6 * $B$1 Relative Reference Absolute Reference

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