1. Spreadsheets Introduction

2. What is a spreadsheet? A spreadsheet program is used to manipulate numbers One of the most popular spreadsheet programs is Microsoft Excel

3. What is in a spreadsheet? A spreadsheet is made up of Cells Rows Columns A spreadsheet look like this -

4. Cell A1 Cell E7 Column D Row 8 Formula line

6. Cell contents Each cell can contain A number (a value) Text A formula

7. Formula In Excel a formula always starts with = A formula can be simple complex conditional

8. Examples of formula Simple: =D1+C1 Complex: = LEFT(D5,7,2) Conditional: =IF(D5>=50,”pass”,”fail”)

9. Functions A function is an inbuilt formula. eg =SUM(B5:B10) =AVERAGE(B5:B10) =MAXIMUM(B5:B10) =MINIMUM(B5:B10)

10. Formatting To change how something looks, we change it’s format We can change the look of the cell itself border, background colour the attributes of the cell number of decimal places, currency We can change the column width the row height

11. Insert column/row If we need to add data to a particular part of the spreadsheet, we can insert a column or a row. Once the column or row is inserted, we need to add the data. When a column or row is inserted, the formulae are automatically updated.

12. Calculation Calculation can be automatic manual Automatic recalculation means that all the formulae in a spreadsheet are recalculated every time a change is made to the spreadsheet.

13. Manual Calculation Manual recalculation means that the formulae in a spreadsheet are only recalculated when the user presses a certain key. This feature is used when the user is typing in a large amount of data. Automatically recalculating the formulae after every entry would make the data entry very much slower.

14. Cell protection Cell protection is used to prevent the user from changing the contents of a cell (it locks the cell). In a spreadsheet, the column and row headings and the formulae are usually protected.

15. Example of cell protection Protected cells

16. Replication Replication is used to make a copy of a formula. Theer are two types of replication: relative absolute

17. Relative Replication When we copy the formula down a column, the cell references change to be appropriate for that row. C3 changes to C4 changes to C5 changes to C6

18. Absolute Replication When we copy the formula down a column, the cell reference does not change. It stays absolutely the same

19. Example of Absolute Replication C5 changes to C6 changes to C7 changes to C8 B1 does not change In Excel, the $ sign before a letter or number in the cell reference means that it does not change when replicated.

20. Charting The data in a spreadsheet can easily be shown as a chart. A graph or chart is used to present facts in visual form. It should be used to make facts clearer and more understandable It is easier to spot a trend or pattern in a chart than in a table of numbers.

21. Example of charting

22. Example of a trend

23. Spreadsheets End of presentation