Fundamentals in the Sentence Writing Strategy Cloze Note Cue Cards for students The University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning

S V . ? ! P_____ a formula E______ the words to fit the formula Complete Sentences 1.Start with a ______________. 2.Have ___ ________________(. ? !) 3.Have a _________. (S) 4.Have a _________. (V) 5.Make _________. S V . ? ! Cue Card 1 The Subject The_____, _____, _____, _______, or _____ that the sentence is about. Examples Jenna went for a walk. (________) The store was closed. (_______) Balloons rose into the sky. (______) Silence filled the streets. (______) Peace was declared at midnight. (______) Cue Card 2 Action Verb A word that _____ ___ _______of the ________of the sentence. Examples: _____ Actions ______ Actions walk think run want Cue Card 3 The PENS Strategy P_____ a formula E______ the words to fit the formula N_____ the words S_______ and_______ Cue Card 4

Usually made up of 2 words: the word “___” in front of an ______ verb Search & Check Step M Ask ”Is there______?" Root out the_______ (ask, ”Who or What _________?") Key in on the ____________of the sentence Cue Card 5 Linking Verbs Words that link the _______to another word that describes the ________. Am Was Are Were Is Seem Be Been Become Cue Card 6 Verb A word that shows the _____ or _____-__- ______ of the subject. Examples: Action State-of being __________ ___________ Cue Card 7 Infinitives Usually made up of 2 words: the word “___” in front of an ______ verb Examples: Madonna likes to sing. Sarah wants to ride the bus. Tikki yearns to play football. Cue Card 8a

Search & Check Step Linking Verbs Mark out __________ _________ ______________ _________ A___ ”Is there a _____?" R_____ out the subject (ask, ”Who or What _____?") K____ in on the beginning ending meaning Cue Card 8b Linking Verbs Mark out imposters infinitives prepositional phrases Ask ”Is there a verb?" Root out the subject (ask, ”Who or What _____?") Key in on the beginning ending Meaning Cue Card 8b (complete) Prepositions about down past above during across since after except against through along for throughout amid from to among toward around in at inside under into underneath before until behind like up below upon beneath near with beside of within between off without beyond on by over out outside of Cue Card 10a Cue Card 9

Prepositional Phrase Adjective Helping Verbs Main Subject A group of words that show ________or ______________. (where or when the action takes place) Each prepositional phrase contains a _________ and at least one word, either: _________ A bee flies _______ the jar. A bee flew around the bottle for an hour. Cue Card 10b Adjective A word that describes a ______. Examples: The new black bike was Tom’s birthday present. The last girl in line wore a blue shirt. A terrible storm damaged the trees Cue Card 11a Helping Verbs Words that help the ________________ show the action in a sentence. Helping verbs join with a ______ verb to form a complete verb. Examples: Latasha can play the guitar. The bird will build the nest. Cue Card 12 Main Subject The one word that best tells what the sentence is about. Example: The new movie was exciting. complete subject:_____________ complete verb________________ My little sister is five. Complete subject:_____________ Complete verb:_______________ Cue Card 11b

Types of Simple Sentences Recall Device for Helping Verbs may can might could must do shall dies should did has have will had would Cue Card 13a Types of Simple Sentences SV "One person doing one thing" SSV "Two people doing one thing" SVV "One person doing two things' SSVV “Two people doing two things" am are is was were be being been Recall Device for Helping Verbs C H A D B. S W I M 2 3 2 3 3 2 4 1 3 Chad B. Swim is 23 years old Cue Card 13b Adverbs Words that add information about the ______of the subject of the sentence. They show: _______ To what extent the action takes place _______ Cue Card 14