Section 2 – pg 392 Early Years of the War Chapter 11

New Technology in the War Pg 392 New Technology in the War New weapons made the civil war more deadly than previous wars New rifles and cannons were more accurate and had greater range Could be loaded more quickly Most generals stuck to tactics previously used: all-out charge of troops The new weapons caused most soldiers to be cut down before even reaching the enemy

Pg 392 Both sides used ironclads Warships covered with protective iron plates Cannon fire bounced off these http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/civil-war-technology

Pg 393 The War in the East After the Union’s defeat at Bull Run, Lincoln fired McDowell and put General George McClellan in command Good organizer, but cautious Trained soldiers for 7 months but did not attack Lincoln “If he does not want to use the army, I would like to borrow it for a time” March 1862, McClellan moved 100,000 soldiers by boat along Chesapeake Bay to peninsula south of Richmond McClellan wanted more soldiers b/c Lincoln ordered 37,000 stay behind to guard Washington McClellan stopped advance to ask for more troops Even though the Confederates only had 15,000 troops

Pg 393 McClellan waited a month for reinforcements during which the Confederates brought more soldiers in On May 31, 1862 Confederates stopped McClellan’s advance In late June, he retreated With Richmond no longer being threatened, Lee decided to invade the North Hoped a victory on Northern soil would win support from Europe In early September, Lee’s troops slipped into western Maryland McClellan’s officer found paper with Lee’s battle plan

Pg 394 McClellan’s troops attacked Lee’s army at Antietam Creek on Sept 17, 1862 Bloodiest battle in Civil War Union had 12,000 casualties Confederates lost 14,000 men (1/3 its army) Lee pulled back to Virginia North claim victory to battle b/c Lee retreated

Pg 394 The War in the West While McClellan was moving cautiously in the east, Union armies went on attack in the west General Ulysses S. Grant led the most successful armies Made advances in 1862 and seized control of the Mississippi River February 1862, moved army south from Kentucky and took Fort Henry on the Tennessee River and Captured Fort Donelson on Cumberland River

Pg 395 http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history/videos/the-battle-of-shiloh Thanks to Grant, two water routes were open into Confederate territory Grant’s army continued south along the Tennessee River towards Corinth, Mississippi, an important railroad center Before they arrived, were attacked by Albert Sydney Johnston Surprised on April 6, 1862 at Shiloh Church Battle of Shiloh cost the South 11,000 men and the North 13,000 Union got control of railroad center and gained control of western Tennessee and part of the Mississippi River

Pg 395 Two weeks later, a Union fleet commanded by David Farragut entered the Mississippi River from the Gulf of Mexico April 26, captured New Orleans By Summer, the Union had control of the entire river