Matter Any thing that has mass and takes up space
Matter Matter is composed of many small particles that are called atoms. Atoms are microscopic, and help to give the matter its fixed shape, or very flexible shape.
States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas
Solids Definite Shape Definite Volume Ex. Diamond Salt Sugar
Types of Solids Melts at a specific Temperature Crystalline A solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern Ex. Salt Sugar Snow Melts at a specific Temperature
Types of Solids Amorphous A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern Ex. Plastics Rubber Glass Does not melt at a distinct temperature
Liquid Definite Volume No shape takes on the containers shape Called a fluid because it can flow easily. Ex. Water Orange Juice
Properties of Liquids Surface Tension The tightness across the surface of water that caused by polar molecules pulling on one another Viscosity A liquids resistance to flow
Gases No definite Shape No Definite Volume The particles are free to move freely in the space they are given Ex Oxygen Carbon Dioxide
Plasma No definite shape No definite volume Ex. Stars Suns
Changes of State Melting Solid to a liquid Ice- At 0°C ice stops increasing, and then starts to melt into water. Melting Point The specific temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
Changes of State Freezing Liquid to a solid Particles stop moving to begin to form a regular pattern. Freezing Point The specific temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid Freezing point and melting point for water is the same
Changes of State Evaporation Liquid to Gas Vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid
Changes of State Boiling Occurs when a liquid changes to a gas below the surface Boiling Point Specific temperature at which a substance boils
Changes in State Condensation Gas to a liquid Occurs when particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid. Sublimation Solid to a gas Occurs when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas. They do not pass through the liquid state. Example- dry ice