Jeffersonian Era PG- 12 Please write down information in yellow If it has a “*” NO need to write down

HERE WAS BURIED THOMAS JEFFERSON AUTHOR OF THE DECLARATION OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE OF THE STATUTE OF VIRGINIA FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND FATHER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA

ELECTION OF 1800 Federalists John Adams and Charles Pinckney -strong federal gov’t -elite, upper class in charge -focused on manufacturing/industry -Loose interpretation of Const. -Supported Great Britain Democratic-Republicans Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr -small federal gov’t -average people in charge -focused on agriculture -Strict interpretation of Const. -Supported France

ELECTION OF 1800 -Jefferson and Aaron Burr tie for President -both are Democratic-Republicans Running Against Federalist John Adams -Tie is eventually broken by House of Reps. - Jefferson wins -Burr becomes Jefferson’s VP -Future problems avoided with 12th Amendment *President and VP must be from the same party and run together – 12th Amendment

ELECTION OF 1800 *Burr thought Hamilton had cost him the Presidency, and Hamilton later prevented Burr from becoming governor of NY *Naturally, Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel July 1804 – Hamilton and Burr dueled; Hamilton died

ELECTION OF 1800 3rd U.S. President: Jefferson “Revolution of 1800” -1st peaceable transfer of political power from one party to another in modern government -Federalists to Democratic-Republicans -Jefferson’s philosophy brought to the White House and Democratic-Republican Congress laissez-faire gov’t “Hands Free Gov’t” -TJ wanted a SIMPLE GOV’T. How? 1. Made Cut in Gov’t Spending

MIDNIGHT JUDGES Adams (the last president) had been a strong Federalist. In 1801, Federalists in Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 which created new positions in the Judicial Branch Adams appointed 10 STRONG FEDERALIST Judges to these new positions, right before leaving office. They were known as the “Midnight Judges” Would these judges agree with Jefferson’s policies?

JUDICIAL REVIEW -Midnight Judges appointed by Adams -Jefferson refused to recognized judges -ONE Appointed Judge FILES SUIT! -Marbury v. Madison -John Marshall is Chief Justice of Supreme Court -Established Judicial Review: The ability of the Supreme Count to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

-Marbury v. Madison established the principle of Judicial Review THE SUPREME Court can declare laws to be unconstitutional JUDICIAL REVIEW

WESTERN EXPANSION -Louisiana Purchase (1803) -T.J. bought from Napoleon of France for $15 million - Doubled the size of the U.S. -T.J., a strict constitutionalist, was not certain if the purchase was constitutional. -so, the purchase was technically a treaty between the U.S. and France

Spaniard (holding land deeds to Florida) Napoleon Spaniard (holding land deeds to Florida) Jefferson

Lewis and Clark Expedition WESTERN EXPANSION -Louisiana Purchase (1803) Lewis and Clark Expedition -T.J. appointed Meriwether Lewis & William Clark to explore the new territory, -& collect scientific info about unknown plants, animals and NA tribes Sacajawea- interpreter & guide -Took 2 years, 4 months, recorded invaluable info about the western territories

WESTERN EXPANSION -Louisiana Purchase (1803) Lewis and Clark Expedition Sacajawea

WESTERN EXPANSION -Indian Conflicts Harrison (a young wealthy governor) wants NA Chiefs to sign away 3 million acres of land Chief Tecumseh’s League = Only way for NA to protect their land is to unite under Native American Confederacy Battle of Tippecanoe (1811-Madison’s Term) William Henry Harrison won - Him and others began asking how did the NA get the guns to fight them with?...

Tecumseh No tribe has the right to sell, even to each other, much less strangers…Sell a country! Why not sell the air, the great sea, as well as the earth? Didn’t the Great Spirit make them all for use of his children? The way, the only way to stop this evil is for the red man to unite in claiming common and equal right in the land , as it was first, and should be now, for it was never divided.

FOREIGN AFFAIRS -US neutrality between Britain and France??? ( *B & F are at war with one another) Needed trade with both sides -British began impressment of sailors (seizing Americans at sea and drafting them into the British Navy

FOREIGN AFFAIRS -President Jefferson passes an Embargo Act: cut off trade with Britain. Hurts U.S. business more than Britain -War Hawks emerge (Young Congressmen from the South & West for war– against Britain) -Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun 2 reasons the “War Hawks” wanted war: 1.) Possibility of gaining additional lands 2.) Revenge for British helping Indians (Giving them Guns) and impressing our sailors Ca-CAW!!!!

FOREIGN AFFAIRS Continued American’s began focusing their anger on the British. U.S. Naval Chesapeake- June 1807, British Commander demanded the right to board and search the ship for British Deserters US refused, British opened fire, killing 3 wounding 8 FOREIGN AFFAIRS Continued