Chapter 3.3 “Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies” Essential Question: What attracted settlers to the Middle and Southern colonies? James Oglethorpe William Penn Peter Stuveysant

Vocabulary 1. Patroon – A person who brought 50 settlers to New Netherland in exchange for a land grant. 2. Peter Stuyvesant – The governor of the Dutch colony New Netherland. 3. Duke of York – The brother of King Charles II who owned his own colony. 4. Proprietary colony – A colony with a single owner 5. William Penn – A large landowner who became a Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania. 6. Quakers – People who believed all people should live in peace and harmony. 7. royal colony – A colony ruled by a king who appointed governors. 8. James Oglethorpe – The Englishman who founded the colony of Georgia

Focus Questions 1. What attracted the Quakers, Catholics, and Jews to the Middle Colonies? 2. How did the Patroon system help bring settlers to New Netherlands? 3. What is the difference between a proprietary colony and a royal colony? 4. Why did Lord Baltimore establish Maryland? 5. Why did James Oglethorpe establish Georgia? 6. Which colonies were New England, Middle and Southern Colonies?

The Middle Colonies The Middle Colonies were New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. They were located between New England to the north and the Chesapeake region to the south. Swedes, Dutch, English, Germans, and Africans were among the groups who came to these colonies. Religious freedom attracted many groups, including Protestants, Catholics, Quakers, and Jews.

New Netherlands Becomes New York 1624 Dutch Settlers financed by the Dutch West India Company founded the colony of New Netherland. It included the Hudson River Valley, Long Island, and the land along the Delaware River. To attract settlers, the company hired patroons – people who brought 50 settlers to New Netherland would receive a reward. They received a large land grant and special hunting, fishing and fur trading privileges. Jewish settlers, African slaves and indentured servants along with Puritans settled in New Netherland.

New Netherlands Becomes New York Peter Stuyvesant, the colony’s Dutch governor wanted to add land to New Netherland, so he attacked the nearby colony “New Sweden”. The Swedes surrendered their land to the Dutch. The English King, Charles II sent his brother the Duke of York to drive the Dutch out of New Netherlands. The Dutch colony was a threat to English trade and to the English colonies in New England. When the Duke’s ships arrived in 1664, the colony surrendered. New Netherland became a proprietary colony (a colony with a single owner) of New York. The Duke of York was now the owner of the colony!

New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware The Duke of York was the largest single landowner in America. He gave part of his claim, the Province of New Jersey to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley in 1664. To encourage settlers to come there, they promised freedom of religion, large land grants, and the ability to have a representative assembly. William Penn, a wealthy Englishman, became another large land owner in America. Penn joined the Quakers, a religious group who believed all people should live in peace and harmony.

New Jersey, Pennsylvania, & Delaware William Penn was attacked for his Quaker beliefs. King Charles II owed the Penn family money. In repayment, in 1681, the king gave Penn a large piece of land in America which became known as Pennsylvania. Penn used this land to create a colony where Quakers could live according to their beliefs. In 1704, Penn granted the three lower counties of Pennsylvania known as Delaware, their own assemblies (governments). They later broke away from Pennsylvania to form the colony of Delaware.

The Southern Colonies The new Southern Colonies were Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia. The Appalachian Mountains bordered parts of these colonies in the west. In the east, the colonies bordered the Atlantic Ocean. Lord Baltimore established Maryland in 1632 for Roman Catholics fleeing persecution in England. To attract settlers, Maryland passed the Toleration Act in 1649. The act promised religious freedom for Maryland settlers. In 1663, Carolina was founded as a colony. English settlers from Barbados built Charles Town, later called Charleston.

The Southern Colonies After 1685, Charleston became a refuge (safe place) for the Huguenots - Protestants from France seeking religious freedom. A war broke out in Carolina between the settlers and local native American tribes, The Tuscarora and Yamasee. The settlers had taken native lands and forced natives into slavery. The Spanish were also threatening to attack Charleston, and the proprietors (owners) of Carolina refused to send help. The colonists overthrew the proprietary rule in 1719 and established a royal colony – a colony ruled by governors appointed by the king.

The Southern Colonies In 1732, James Oglethorpe – Englishman who founded the colony of Georgia wanted a refuge (safe place) for people who were in debt (they owed money). The English government originally wanted to use the colony as a military outpost against Spanish Florida and French Louisiana. English, German, Swiss, and Scottish settlers came to Georgia. All religions were welcome. Unfortunately, Oglethorpe as the colony’s leader set strict rules that upset the colonists. The king, in response, made Georgia a royal colony.

The 13 English Colonies By the early 1700’s, there were 13 English colonies along the eastern coast of North America. New England Colonies Southern Colonies - New Hampshire - Maryland - Massachusetts - Virginia - Rhode Island - North Carolina - Connecticut - South Carolina Middle Colonies - Georgia New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware