Han Blok, Royal Haskoning WFD “Sources & Measures of priority substances” Han Blok, Royal Haskoning

Process review Inventory of emission data Evaluation of data Recommendation of measures

Inventory of emission data Collection of documents Hard copy archive Short review or relevance & quality MS-Access database Bibliography + summary + key characters Detailed review of emission data Addition to fact sheets

Fact sheets - draft versions Review of all available documents First draft Commentary EAF Additional documents Second draft (final for emission inventory part) Evaluation Flow sheets Third draft Comments on measures Final draft

Identification of data gaps Evaluation Identification of data gaps Gathering & extrapolation from national to EU level Overall picture of routes in flow sheet Identification of possible management tools for relevant sources and routes Evaluation of existing regulation and trends

Examples Lead DEHP Benzene Nickel

Lead - Production and Use volumes EU15 production : 1,556,000 t/a (1999) EU15 use volume : 1,750,000 t/a (2000, refined lead) Relative use volumes [Eurometaux, 2000] Batteries : 58% (declining circa 3% per year) Rolled products : 14% Compounds : 12% Shot : 4% Weights : 4% Alloys : 3% Cable sheathing : 3% Gasoline additives : 2%

Lead - scheme of release routes AIR A5 A6 A7 A4 A2 Production Formulation Industrial use 104/ 105/ 101 Consumer use 101 Buildings Historic pollution Agriculture 110.16 Deposition Traffic 201/ 202 Materials S9.2 S7.3 S3.1 Waste 109/ 109.03 S8.1 SOIL S8.2 WWT S8.3 S1 Erosion & Runoff S3.2 S4.2 S9.2.2 STP 109.02.20/ 109.06.04 WWT GROUNDWATER Leaching Drain S3.3 S4.3 S9.2.1 S8.4 WWT S7.2 Drainage S2 S10.1 S10.2 SURFACE WATER

Lead - Pie chart: point / diffuse sources

Lead - Pie chart: point sources

Lead - Pie chart: diffuse sources Comments: - Lead shot is based on a predicted water-land ratio of 5 - 95 %

Lead - Pie chart: emission divided into life cycle stages

DEHP (Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) Production volume 600.000 t/a EU Use volume 450.000 t/a EU 94% Plasticiser 3% Non PVC pol. additive 3% Non polymer use

DEHP - Approach A Phthalates emission data for the EU, Production and use volume of phthalates the Netherlands and Germany and DEHP data for the EU, the Netherlands and Germany Emission DEHP in the EU, the Netherlands and Germany

- Residue in environment DEHP - Problems Diffuse sources: - Municipal sewer - Landfill - Incinerator - Residue in environment Factors: - Treated - Untreated

DEHP - Scheme of release routes

DEHP - Approach B (1)

DEHP - Approach B (2)

Benzene Production Volume: 7.000.000 t/a EU Use Volume: - Use in Benzene Processing: 7.500.000 t/a EU - Use in consumption of petrol: 1.410.000 t/a EU + - Total benzene use: 8.910.000 t/a EU

Benzene - Release routes

Nickel - Production and Use volumes EU15 production : 146,300 t/a (2000), mined and refined nickel EU15 use volume : 400,900 t/a (2000) Relative use volumes in end use applications [Eurometaux, 2000] Transportation : 24% Commercial : 26% Industrial : 43% Building and construction : 7%

Nickel - scheme of release routes AIR A5 A6 A7 A2 Production Formulation Industrial use 101 / 104 / 105 / 107 Consumer use 113.01 Buildings Road and roof runoff (Urban area) Historic pollution Agriculture Deposition Traffic 201 / 202 Materials Road and roof runoff (non urban area) S9.1 S9.2 S9.3 S7.3 S7.1 Waste 109.01/ -02/ -06 S8.1 SOIL S8.2 WWT S8.3 S1 S7.2 Erosion & Runoff S3.2 S4.2 S9.2.2 STP WWT GROUNDWATER Leaching Drain S3.3 S4.3 S9.2.1 S8.4 WWT Drainage S2 S10.1 S10.2 SURFACE WATER

Nickel - Summarised quantification of sources Comment: - Road transport is based on British release figures

Nickel - quantification of point and diffuse sources

Nickel - extrapolation by population, surface area and volume of industry

Nickel - information gaps