1. DANTES Akzo Nobel examples Johan Widheden
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Varför är ni med i DANTES?

2. Akzo Nobel
Multi-national, market driven, technology based company created in 1969.
Serving customers with healthcare products, coatings and chemicals
13 bln euros net sales in 2003
More than employees
Operates in 80 countries

3. Sustainable Development group
Klas Hallberg
Karin Sanne Malin Bogeskär
Anna-Lena Palm Johan Widheden
Life Cycle Assessments
Environmental Product Declarations
Eco-efficiency analyses
Environmental Risk Assessments
Environmental Impact Assessments
Transport and energy analyses
Provide different environmental services, such as:

4. Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of CHemicals
EU New chemicals policy - REACH
Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of CHemicals
Merging of 2 current systems for new (1980-) and existing (-1980) chemicals into a new system
Registration of all chemicals >10 tonne/year in a central database
Main responsibility for collecting and evaluating data lies on the producers and importers of chemicals
Legislation 2 years from now (2007?)
Progressively installed, completed 2018
99% of the chemicals are existing chemicals, for which there are not the same requirements as for the new chemicals. For these existing chemicals we do not have enough knowledge

5. Risk Characterisation Ratio
Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA)
Data evaluation
Exposure
assessment
Effect
assessment
PEC =
Predicted Environmental Concentration
PNEC = Predicted
No-Effect Concentration
RCR < 1
No risk!
ERA life cycle
The basis for all of the calculations are presented in the Technical Guidance Document (TDG) for new and existing chemicals.
Risk Characterisation Ratio
RCR = PEC / PNEC

6. ERA results Scenario RCRwater RCRsoil RCRsed Production <1
<<1
Formulation
Use
Not enough data

8. ERA of the use of a flotation agent
Flows of water and contaminants in a mining area

10. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) + ERA
Including all activities from cradle to grave
Potential environmental impacts from activities, e.g.: Resource use Global warming Wastes
ERA
including production, formulation, use and waste of chemical
Risk of impacts on ecosystems (living organisms) from releases of a chemical product,
Difficult to include direct effects of substances on ecosystems and humans

13. Sustainable Development
Ecology and Economy
Sustainable Development
Planet
People
Profit
Eco-efficiency
Eco-efficiency - the ratio of economic creation to ecological destruction

14. The BASF Eco-Efficiency Analysis method
Developed by BASF and has been usedby them and other companies for a couple of years now.
Environmental impact to total cost for the customer.
Always a comparison!

15. Ecological impact Energy Land use Emissions Raw materials
Wastes
Water emissions
Air emissions
Land use
Emissions
Raw materials
Developed within a chemical company: Environmental aspects from a life cycle perspective, Safety aspects also from a similar perspective and human health aspects.
Raw materials: weighting factor depending on depletion rate of the earth’s resources
Land use: 5 categories of increasing ecological severity (weighting factor)
Energy: MJ primary energy source per functional unit (unit benefit)
Emissions:
Wastes: 4 categories depending on landfill costs Water: weighting factors based on threshold limits (Critical Water Volume; dilution factor) Air: weighting factors based on substance’ potential to effect categories (GWP, ODP, POCP and AP)
Risk potential: (severity x probability) risk factors for different risk occurrences within production, use and disposal
Toxicity potential: 6 categories of increasing severity based on R-phrases for the produced substance as well as its constituent substances
Toxicity potential
Risk potential

16. Weighting factors Relevance weighting Societal weighting
- based on public and expert opinions on the relative importance of environmental, health and safety impact categories
- differs between regions and countries
Relevance factor the life cycle based effect categories (functional unit compared to region)
Societal factor for all (value of reduction), which differs between countries, based on public and expert opinions on the relative importance of environmental impact categories.

17. Societal weighting factors
An example of the societal weighting factors.

18. Included costs depend on functional unit (benefit)
Costs analysis
Included costs depend on functional unit (benefit)
Costs for the end customer sales price + costs during use + disposal costs
Varies depending on e.g. the durability of the product
Societal costs could be included

19. Eco-efficiency evaluation of colorants
Comparing the BASF eco-efficiency method with a study made by Akzo Nobel

20. Environmental and economic impact
LCA-based environmental impact
Consumption of energy
Consumption of resources
Land use
Emissions
Economic impact
Environmental costs e.g. environmental taxes, tests, investments on site
Weighting method
According to “EPS”
Cradle to gate. No health or safety related impacts.
The EPS method is based on the definition of five safeguard subjects and the willingness to pay for protecting them.
The five safeguard subjects, human health, biological diversity, ecosystem production capacity, abiotic resources and cultural and recreational values are based on the UN’s Rio declaration. [Steen 1999]
The safeguard subjects are divided in sub-categories, called unit effects. Unit effects could for example be: pollution-caused decreased production of 1 kg of crop, seed, wood or fish.
Each unit effect has an economic value described as the willingness to pay to avoid the negative effects defined by the unit effect.
Costs for the company, not the customer.

21. Eco-efficiency results
0,0
1,0
2,0
0,8
1,2
Cost (normalized)
Environmental impact (normalized)
Old Colorant
New Colorant

22. Other findings
Eco-efficiency analysis not time consuming if based on collected LCA data
Environmental costs found to be a relatively large part of the total costs of the studied colorants
Environmental costs of the surfactants (used in the colorants) 4,5% – 6,5% of the sales price (~1% normally reported)