1. Source Screening and Measures Sheets for WG/E Brussels 21/10/10
Technical Support for the Impact Assessment of the Review of Priority Substances under Directive 2000/60/EC
Source Screening and Measures Sheets for WG/E
Brussels 21/10/10

2. Introduction Source-screening and measures sheets
For new substances only
(Sheets for existing substances were done by WRc/Milieu)
Draft sheets were circulated by the Commission on 18/08/2010
Initial responses requested by 10/09/2010
Further responses requested in October
Updates to the sheets will be made based on feedback

3. Source screening and measures sheets
Purpose
To identify sources of substance to the water environment
For each source, to identify existing measures for emission control
Approach
Concept paper on the control of emissions, discharges and losses of priority substances and priority hazardous substances in the framework of article 16 of Directive 2000/60/EC
Source screening
Account for production, uses, disposal, historic
Sources classified by risk of whether they may result in or contribute to failure of WFD objectives
Identification of relevant legislative / policy measures
control or supporting

4. Classification of potential failure of WFD objectives
Source/pathway may result in or contribute to potential failure of WFD objectives
Not enough quantitative information available to allow classification in category 1 or 3; source/pathway will be reviewed as more data become available
No potential release from source/pathway, or source/pathway does not contribute to potential failure of WFD objectives

5. Summary of sources
Diffuse sources- especially for agricultural, and also for those with emissions to air
Point sources- production, use and disposal
Historic contamination- may apply to substances such as heptachlor, PCBs that are no longer used/emissions heavily controlled
Atmospheric emissions- substances such as PCBs and dioxins may be emitted to air and then deposited to water

6. Overview of main measures - pesticides
Control
Directive 91/414/EC (pesticides).
Regulation 1107/2009, which will replace 91/414/EC regarding the placement of plant protection products on the market
Directive 2009/128/EC establishing a framework for Community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides
Directive 98/8/EC (biocides)
Supporting
Regulation (EC) No 1185/2009 concerning statistics on pesticides
Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 on maximum residue levels of pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin; and amendment Regulation (EC) No 149/2008, setting maximum residue levels for products in Annexes II, III and IV
Substances are considered to be registered under REACH, i.e. Article 15(1) of REACH applies

7. Overview of main measures-pharmaceuticals
Control
Regulation 470/2009 laying down Community procedures for the establishment of residue limits of pharmacologically active substances in foodstuffs of animal origin, and Regulation (EU) No 37/2010, on pharmacologically active substances and their classification regarding maximum residue limits in foodstuffs of animal origin
Directive 2008/1/EC (IPPC) concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (codified version) as amended by Directive 2009/31/EC. Industrial production is regulated by the IPPC Directive (chemical industry).
Support
Directive 2000/60/EC and Directive 91/271/EEC, amended by Directive 98/15/EC and EC Regulation 1882/2003): indirect effect through increasing treatment at STP
Wastewater improvements under UWWTD - Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban waste-water treatment (also applicable to Birds and Habitats Directive , Shellfish and Bathing Water directives.)
Directive 2001/83/EC (medicinal products for human use) and associated guidance on environmental risk assessment, EMEA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00. Also amending directives in 2004 (Directive 2004/27/EC on human medicine) and 2010

8. Overview of main measures- 'industrial'
Control
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). Registration, specific restrictions and possible authorisation
Directive 2008/1/EC (IPPC) concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (codified version) as amended by Directive 2009/31/EC. Industrial production is regulated by the IPPC Directive (chemical industry).
Voluntary initiatives
Support
2004/35/EC on the prevention and remedying of environmental damage
Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 concerning the establishment of a European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register and amending Directives 91/689/EEC and 96/61/EC

9. Overview of main measures- disused substances
Control
Stockholm Convention and Regulation 2004/850/EC
Supporting
Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste
Waste framework Directive 2006/12/EC (which is the codified version of Directive 75/442/EEC as amended). Directive 75/442/EEC on Waste; Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste; Decision 2000/532 establishing a list of wastes; and decision 2001/118/EC
Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 concerning the establishment of a European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register and amending Directives 91/689/EEC and 96/61/EC
Supporting- 2004/35/EC on the prevention and remedying of environmental damage

10. Responses on draft sheets
Additional information on cyanides and measures from industry
"International Cyanide Management Code For The Manufacture, Transport and Use of Cyanide In The Production of Gold" (Cyanide Code) is a voluntary UNEP initiative for the gold mining industry endorsed by the EU.
Control – Environmental Impact Assessment Directive
Control – Directive 2006/21/EC on management of wastes from the extractive industries.
Updates from Latvia
Aclinofen and zinc – emissions data
Updates from Portugal
Changes to risk category - dioxin, PCB, 17 alpha, cyanides, HBCDD and zinc (mostly noting cases where risk category should be increased to 1)

11. Portugal comments (1) Source / pathway Current Proposed Comments
Dioxins
S3 Due to agricultural activities (via leaching erosion, spills, direct drainage discharges) 2 1
Dioxins could be present in sewage sludge originated from domestic wastewater, due to the secondary reactions involving organochlorinated compounds, in particular, in laundry wastewater.
Since sewage sludge is used as fertilizer, dioxins could be deposed on agriculture land. Therefore, the risk category will be 1, according the methodology proposed for categorisation of importance of sources and pathways (see references).
S8 Discharges in sewage effluents or storm water as a result of households consumer use
The substance is not used in the home; it could result from the formation of by-products from chemical reactions that involve organochlorinated compounds (e.g. bleaches). Regarding the methodology for categorisation, the substance does not falling under category 1 or 3.
S9.2 Large industrial point sources, direct or via STP (IPPC installations) 3
IPPC installations include solid waste facilities that are not coved by S10.1 (landfill without wastewater treatment) or S10.2 (Incineration with wastewater treatment).
Dioxins can arise by thermal processes or from incomplete combustion processes involving chlorine or chlorine compounds, i.e., unwanted reactions that may occur in the solid waste deposition and treatment. Therefore, these installations are potential sources with direct discharges to surface water (with treatment) or to sewer.
Regarding the methodology for categorisation, the substance falls into category 1.
S10 Solid waste treatment
S10.1 Landfills
(or old waste deposits)
Idem
S10.2 Incineration

12. Portugal comments (2) Substance Source / pathway Current Proposed
PCB
S3 Due to agricultural activities (via leaching erosion, spills, direct drainage discharges) 2 1
Due to low solubility in water and the lipophilic nature of PCBs, these compounds tend to concentrate in sewage sludge originated from urban wastewater.
Since sewage sludge is used as fertilizer, PCBs could be deposed on agriculture land. Therefore, the risk category will be 1, according the methodology proposed for categorisation of importance of sources and pathways.
S8 Discharges in sewage effluents or storm water as a result of households consumer use
The substance is not used in the home; The main sources of PCB in urban wastewater are atmospheric deposition on soil and runoff along with industrial emissions (e.g. leachates from landfills without treatment). Regarding the methodology for categorisation, the substance does not falling under category 1 or 3.
S10 Solid waste treatment 3
Most current emissions from wastes and waste disposal.
PCPs can also arise by thermal processes as a by-product.
During solid waste management occur the production of leachates and/or aqueoses effluents. Thus, regarding the methodology for categorisation, the substance falls into category 1.
S10.1 Landfills
(or old waste deposits)
Idem
S10.2 Incineration
17--ethinylestradiol
In secondary STPs the average removal is about 82% (according the substance dossier), therefore is expected that part of these reduction could be due to concentration on sewage sludge.
Since sewage sludge is used as fertilizer, 17--ethinylestradiol could be deposed on agriculture land. Therefore, the risk category will be 1, according the methodology proposed for categorisation of importance of sources and pathways.

13. Portugal comments (3) Substance Source / pathway Current Proposed
Cyanides
S3 Due to agricultural activities (via leaching erosion, spills, direct drainage discharges) 3 1
Cyanides could be present in sewage sludge originated from domestic wastewater, due to the secondary reactions involving organcyanides, nitro compounds (e.g., nitrites, nitrosamines) and chlorinated compounds.
Since sewage sludge is used as fertilizer, cyanides could be deposed on agriculture land. Therefore, the risk category will be 1, according the methodology proposed for categorisation of importance of sources and pathways (see references).
S8 Discharges in sewage effluents or storm water as a result of households consumer use 2
The substance is not used in the home; it could result from the formation of by-products from chemical reactions that involve organocyanides, nitro compounds (e.g., nitrites, nitrosamines) and chlorinated compounds. Regarding the methodology for categorisation, the substance does not falling under category 1 or 3.
S9.2 Large industrial point sources, direct or via STP (IPPC installations)
IPPC installations include solid waste facilities that are not coved by S10.1 (landfill without wastewater treatment) or S10.2 (Incineration with wastewater treatment).
Therefore, these installations are potential sources with direct discharges to surface water (with treatment) or to sewer.
Regarding the methodology for categorisation, the substance falls into category 1.
S10 Solid waste treatment
According the Section 2, diffuse sources include migration from landfill.
S10.1 Landfills
(or old waste deposits)
Idem

14. Portugal comments (4) Substance Source / pathway Current Proposed
HBCDD
S3 Due to agricultural activities (via leaching erosion, spills, direct drainage discharges) 3 1
This substance presents a low solubility. Hence, in sewage it will tend to adsorb in sludge. Since sewage sludge is used as fertilizer, HBCDD could be deposed on agriculture land. Therefore, the risk category will be 1, according the methodology proposed for categorisation of importance of sources and pathways.
Zinc 2
Since sewage sludge is used as fertilizer, zinc could be deposed on agriculture land. Therefore, the risk category will be 1, according the methodology proposed for categorisation of importance of sources and pathways.

15. Next steps Update sheets based on comments and amendments received
Provide justification of 'risk' classification for measures
Issue final sheets