Characteristic Physical Properties Some examples of quantitative physical properties include: Density Freezing point Melting point Boiling point These properties can be used to identify a pure substance.

DENSITY density is the amount of matter per unit volume of that matter

DENSITY To calculate the density of a substance, we need two pieces of information; mass measured in mg, g, kg using a scale or balance volume measured in mL, L using a graduated cylinder or cm3, m3 using a ruler

DENSITY To calculate the density of a substance, use the following equation: m D V

Determining Mass Triple Beam Balance

Reading a Triple Beam Balance

Reading a Triple Beam Balance

Reading a Triple Beam Balance

Measuring the Volume of a Rectangular Solid Volume = length x width x height V = l w h

Measuring the Volume of a Spherical Solid  = 3.14

Measuring the Volume of a Cylinder V =  r2 h  = 3.14

Measuring the Volume of a Liquid Graduated Cylinder

Reading a Graduated Cylinder

Reading a Graduated Cylinder

Reading a Graduated Cylinder

Reading a Graduated Cylinder Example #1 Bottom of meniscus 6.6 mL

Reading a Graduated Cylinder Example #2 53 mL Bottom of meniscus

Measuring Volume of a Small Irregular Object Displacement Method Fill graduated cylinder partially with water Read initial volume Place in solid Read final volume Volume solid = Volume final – Volume initial

Measuring Volume of a Small Irregular Object by Displacement of Water in a Graduated Cylinder

Measuring Volume of a Large Irregular Object Overflow Method Fill overflow can until water starts to pour out Place in solid Collect the overflow water in a graduated cylinder Volume solid = Volume overflow

Measuring Volume of a Large Irregular Object by Displacement of Water in an Overflow Cup

The GRASS Method for Problem Solving Given State what the question is giving you. (Don’t forget the symbols and units)   m = 12 g V = 15 mL Required What does the question ask you to find? Use appropriate symbols. D = ? Analysis Rearranged equation that you will use to answer the question. D = m / V Solve Solve the problem. Make sure to include the units. Statement Make a statement with the answer and units.   the density of the liquid is 0.80 g/mL.

Example 1: A softball has a mass of 360 g and a volume of 270 cm3. Find its density. Given: Mass, m = 360 g Volume, V = 270 cm3 Required: Density, D in g/cm3 Analysis:   Solution:   D = 360 g 270 cm3 D = 1.33 g/cm3 Statement: the density of the softball is 1.33 g/ cm3

What is the identity of the metal? Example 2: Calculate the density of a metal sample that is 18.00 cm long, 9.21 cm wide, and 4.45 cm high and that has a mass of 14.25 kg. What is the identity of the metal? Given: l = 18.00 cm m = 14.25 kg w = 9.21 cm h = 4.45 cm Required: V (cm3) D (g/cm3)   Analysis: V = lwh

What is the identity of the metal? Example 2: Calculate the density of a metal sample that is 18.00 cm long, 9.21 cm wide, and 4.45 cm high and that has a mass of 14.25 kg. What is the identity of the metal? Solution:   V = l w h V = (18.00 cm)(9.21 cm)(4.45 cm) D = 14.25 kg 738 cm3 D = 0.0193 kg/cm3 V = 738 cm3 D = 19.3 g/cm3 Statement: the density of the metal is 19.3 g/cm3 The metal is gold.

Homework: Density Problems Worksheet pg. 198 #1, 3-10 Test (Chapter 5) – Thursday Sept 18