RELATIVE CLAUSES
RELATIVE CLAUSES I’ve got a friend. He collects stamps I’ve got a friend who collects stamps RELATIVE CLAUSE
RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO “The woman who lives next door is Peter’s sister.” WHICH The briefcase which is on the sofa is mine THAT Do you know the man that is talking to Edward? The magazine that you lent me is very interesting PEOPLE THINGS PEOPLE OR THINGS
This is the woman whose son lives next to me WHERE They’ve closed down the shop where I used to work WHEN I’ll never forget the day when I met you POSSESSION PLACE TIME
RELATIVE PRONOUNS IN DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES - USE Defining relative clauses are used to join two sentences together. They give essential information about people or things. He's the man who I that introduced us. I found a fantastic club where we can have our party. That was the day when I that I decided to change my career. Where is the key which I that opens this door? Is he the man whose car was stolen‘?
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES - FORM The relative clause always comes after the noun it refers to. The relative pronouns who, which and that can be omitted when they are followed by a noun or a pronoun. These are the shirts (which/ that) I bought. They can’t be omitted when they act as the subject of the relative clause. This is the tennis player who/that won the match.
Examples I’d never sack a player who was playing well. Baseball is a sport which I used to enjoy playing. There are some players whose names are famous in China. Greece is the country where the Olympics started. These days people wear sports clothes which are light and comfortable. It’s often the smaller teams which go bankrupt. Stamford Bridge is the ground where Chelsea football Club play. The Olympics started at a time when there was no TV.
Defining & Non-defining Relative Clauses
An optician is a person who tests your eyes. (defining ”identify”) I've just met Jack Briggs, who is a businessman. (non-defining ”give extra information”)
I went to see the doctor who a friend of mine had recommended to me. (defining ”identify”) I went to see the doctor, who told me to rest for a few days. (non-defining ”give extra information”)
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (“identify”) "The woman who is wearing shorts is my wife“ "She's the best secretary that has ever worked here“ "The man she married had a red beard“ "The road we wanted to take was blocked"
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (“give additional information”) "Mr Jenkins, who has written several books, spoke at the meeting last night” "Their favourite drink was whisky, which is Britain's biggest export” "There were some sandwiches, which they ate quickly” "Laura Peters, whom I introduced to you last month, is a famous painter"
Non-defining relative clauses Non-defining relative clauses give additional information about a sentence, but the sentence can still be complete without it. CHARACTERISTICS: commas “that” is never used no omission
Defining or non-defining? My daughter who works in New York is getting married soon. My daughter, who works in New York, is getting married soon.
OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN
OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man who helped me That is the man who I saw yesterday SUBJECT VERB MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE OBJECT SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE
OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man who I saw yesterday MAIN CLAUSE OBJECT SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE
OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man I saw yesterday MAIN CLAUSE SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE
OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man I saw yesterday
OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN (ONLY DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES) That is the man who helped me That is the man I saw yesterday SUBJECT VERB MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE SUBJECT VERB RELATIVE CLAUSE
examples The car which he bought last week cost him $10,000 Freddy Mercury was a famous pop star who died of AIDS The flowers which you picked yesterday are beautiful The man who was sitting next to me is a famous writer The party which they organised was splendid
JOINING CLAUSES TOGETHER
Helen is the student. She pays the most attention
Helen is the student. She pays the most attention
Helen is the student. She pays the most attention
Helen is the student. She pays the most attention Helen is the student who pays the most attention
You bought the moped. I really like it
You bought the moped. I really like it
You bought the moped. I really like it
You bought the moped. I really like it You bought the moped which I really like
I love the old house. I grew up there
I love the old house. I grew up there
I love the old house. I grew up there
I love the old house. I grew up there I love the old house I grew up
I love the old house. I grew up there I love the old house where I grew up