1. Relative Clauses

2. kinds Defining relative clauses Identifying
Non defining relative clauses
Extra information

3. Relative Pronouns People who / that Animals / objects which/ that
Place where
Time when / that
Possession whose

4. Defining relative clauses
We use it to give essential information about a noun.
No commas.
The relative pronoun can be omitted when who, which or that is the object.
We can use that.

5. Defining examples The actor who/ that plays in that film is Brad Pitt.
The actor (who/ that ) I like the most is Brad Pitt.
The story which/ that won the prize is very romantic.
The concert (which /that) we saw last night was great .

6. Places
The supermarket which sells sandwiches is closed. ( the subject)
The supermarket where I buy my food is closed.
( where the action takes place)

7. Non defining relative clauses
They give extra information about a noun.
We have to use commas.
We can’t use that .
We can’t omit the pronoun.
Rajoy , who has a house in Sanxenxo , is coming to Vigo.

8. Formal& informal style
Informal: prep at the end
That’s the book I’ve been looking for.
She is the girl who you are going to play against.
Formal Before the pronoun:
That’s the book for which I’ve been looking .
She is the girl against whom you are going to play.

9. Which vs What Which She hasn’t come, which is very annoying
refers to nouns
that’s the house which they are building
To a clause
She hasn’t come, which is very annoying
What isn’t a relative, it acts as a noun and a relative, it means “the things that”
I couldn’t believe what he was saying.

10. That
After a noun
Basketball is the sport that I like.
After all, everything, nothing, something and superlatives
All that he said was senseless
Everything you do is good.
There’s nothing that can be done.
Do the best that you can.
In informal style instead of when, who, which
Winter is the season that I love the most.
Mark is the person who is sitting next to me.
In formal style instead of where, if we add a preposition at the end
That is the school that we study at.