Social Change in America: Early 1800s Level 2 Social Change in America: Early 1800s

Vocabulary Protestant: Christian religion that is not Catholic Revival: reawakening of faith Suffrage: right to vote Reform: to change Temperance: a movement to stop the drinking of alcohol

Essential Question How did society change during the early 1800s?

Religious Revival The Second Great Awakening: 1790s-1840s Protestant based religions such as Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian and Congregationalist Church membership flourished Revivals were held to inspire, spread the word as well as convert the masses by evangelists Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints was started by Joseph Smith (Mormons) in Palmyra, NY Timeline Video about Smith Video about the Book of Mormon http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma95/finseth/evangel.html reference Reference: http://www.pbs.org/mormons/timeline/index.html Picture: http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/exhibits/1857/before/lee.htm Background: http://mixsbrainy23.blogspot.com/2011/01/spread-of-christianity.html “Men are so sluggish, there are so many things to lead their minds off from religion, and to oppose the influence of the gospel, that it is necessary to raise an excitement among them, till the tide rises so high as to sweep away the opposing obstacles.” Charles Finney, Presbyterian evangelist

Women’s Rights Women’s Rights Convention: 1848 Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, NY Result: Created the “Declaration of Sentiments” calling for equal rights for women Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony organized the National American Women’s Suffrage Association 1872 Susan B. Anthony was arrested for voting in Rochester, NY. http://susanbanthonyhouse.org/her-story/biography.php reference http://www.npg.si.edu/col/seneca/senfalls1.htm reference 2:40-4:40 video for women’s right’s convention “No respecting women should wish or work for the success of a party that ignores her sex.” Susan B. Anthony 1872

Mentally Ill and Dorthea Dix "Man is not made better by being degraded; he is seldom restrained from crime by harsh measures, except the principle of fear predominates in his character; and then he is never made radically better for its influence." -- Dorothea Dix c. 1861 Social Reformer: -Improved treatment of mentally ill -Pushed for asylums to be built -Indirectly started prison reform -Worked in 32 states

Harsh Treatment of the Mentally Ill (Sanitarium patient 1861) Sanitariums had no heat and no furniture and were dirty. The mentally ill were in the same jail as criminals. Some were “confined…in cages, closets, cellars, stalls, pens! Changed, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience…” Dorthea Dix.

Reform for the Mentally Ill In 1848 Dix went to Congress to testify about the treatment of the mentally ill. She requested a land trust to help the mentally ill as well as the deaf and blind. Congress passed it but President Pierce vetoed it. The first residential school for the handicapped opened in Boston 1859 called the “Massachusetts School for Idiotic and Feebleminded Youth”. President Lincoln established Gallaudet College in Washington D.C. for the hearing impaired.

Education Reform Until the 1850s children were educated privately, education was localized and only for the wealthy Massachusetts passed the first universal school act in 1852 which required children to attend elementary school Why? Create good citizens reduce crime unite society Reference: http://www.servintfree.net/~aidmn-ejournal/publications/2001-11/PublicEducationInTheUnitedStates.html Picture from: http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/northamerica/after1500/clothing/styles1800s.htm

Temperance Moderation in the consumption of alcoholic beverages; a movement supporting governmental measures to curb alcohol consumption. When did it begin? Started in the 1820s because of excessive use of alcohol in all social classes. United States Temperance Union formed in 1833 and pushed to have alcohol made illegal. A dozen states banned alcohol before the Civil War. Stop video at 5 minutes, after that it’s the 1900s “The Bottle” 1847 by George Cruikshank

An American Culture Begins to Emerge: Literature James Fenimore Cooper: “Rip Van Winkle”, “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “The Last of the Mohicans” Ralph Waldo Emerson: “The American Scholar”, “Nature” poetry Nathaniel Hawthorn: “The Scarlet Letter” Edgar Allen Poe: “The Tell-Tale Heart” and “The Raven” Herman Melville: “Moby-Dick” Henry David Thoreau: “Walden” Walt Whitman: “Leaves of Grass” http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/history/chapter9section4.rhtml reference http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thoreau/ reference Picture: http://thevanwinkleproject.blogspot.com/2010/09/literary-analysis-of-rip-van-winkle-by.html

An American Culture Begins to Emerge: Art “Kindred Spirits” by Asher B. Durant Romanticism: a movement in arts that focuses on nature, individualism and emotions Hudson River School: An art movement in America influenced by Romantic style with landscape painters Thomas Cole Asher B. Durant Frederic Edwin Church: landscape painter. “The Heart of the Andes” sold for $10,000 in 1859 which was the highest amount paid for American art at the time. “The Oxbow” by Thomas Cole References: http://www.slideshare.net/cinbarnsley/romanticism-in-art?src=related_normal&rel=773260 http://www.slideshare.net/mklopfenstein/art-and-literature-1800-to-1860-presentation http://www.pbs.org/wnet/ihas/icon/hudson.html http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/09.95 “The Heart of the Andes” by Frederic Edwin Church

Essential Question How did society change during the early 1800s?