Carbon & Carbohydrates

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Presentation transcript:

Carbon & Carbohydrates Review

compounds that contain carbon are called______________ Organic

compounds that do not contain carbon are ________________ Inorganic

Carbon forms______ covalent bonds to become stable Four

______________ is the simplest carbon compound (CH4) Methane

Any molecule made ONLY of hydrogen and carbon atoms is a ______________________ Hydrocarbon

compounds that have the same formula but different structures are called ___________________ Isomers

extremely large compounds made of smaller ones are called __________________. macromolecules

large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together, usually in long chains is called a _______________________________ Polymer

What is the basic building block of carbohydrates? monosaccharide

Dehydration Synthesis What process allows body cells to make large compounds from building blocks? Dehydration Synthesis

Dehydration synthesis The removal of –H and –OH (water)from the individual molecules so that a bond may form between them and result in a more complex molecule is called ___________ Dehydration synthesis

Dehydration synthesis The following, Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide---> Disaccharide + water is an example of what process? Dehydration synthesis

What process allows the digestive system to breakdown nutrients? Hydrolysis

WHAT DO ATHLETES EAT THE DAY BEFORE A BIG GAME? WHY? Carbs. Because carbs. store and release energy

What is the function of carbohydrates? Compounds used for storage and release of energy

What atoms make up all carbohydrates? C,H,O

What is the ratio of oxygen to hydrogen atoms in all carbohydrates? Ratio is 1 Oxygen atom : 2 Hydrogen atoms

List 2 types of Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides

List two examples of monosaccharides. Glucose Fructose Galactose

What is the chemical formula for all monosaccharides? C6H12O6

What is the chemical formula for all disaccharides? C12H22O11

Double sugar made of 2 simple is called a ____________ disaccharide

List two examples of disaccharides Lactose Maltose Sucrose

Lactose is commonly called what? Milk Sugar

Sucrose is commonly called what? Table sugar

The breaking of a large compound (polymer) into smaller compounds (building blocks) through the addition of -H and –OH (water). Hydrolysis

More than 2 monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis are called __________ Polysaccharide

List two examples of polysaccharides. Starch Glycogen Cellulose

What is starch’s function? Plant’s food storage

What is glycogen’s function? Animals food storage

What is cellulose’s function? provides structure in plant cell walls

What is the alcohol group?

What is the amino group? -NH2

What is the carboxyl group? -COOH

What substance is the repeating unit that makes up starch, cellulose, and glycogen? Monosaccharide