French and Indian War French controlled much of Canada, called colony “New France” Britain and France were traditional enemies Both countries claimed Ohio River Valley Guerrilla Warfare: form of warfare based largely on “hit and run” tactics Ohio River Valley: Region west of colonies that provided trade link to Mississippi and many resources

French and Indian War Iroquois: powerful native tribe; allied with British Algonquin and Huron: Native tribes who allied with French NATIVE RELATIONS: BRITAIN V. FRANCE French: Did not destroy native hunting grounds Often married native women and adopted native ways of life Often paid for or rented land from natives Generally respected native way of life more than British did

French and Indian War NATIVE RELATIONS: BRITAIN V. FRANCE British: Took land if they wanted it Had little respect for native way of life Cleared hunting land for farms and settlements

French and Indian War Conflict between France and England begins in 1754 – called French and Indian war because it involved fighting natives and French British sent 22 year old George Washington to Ohio River Valley to kick French out.

French and Indian War Washington took 150 men to boot the French out and build a fort Found that French had built Ft. Duquesne at location where he planned to build fort GW heard that French were going to attack and quickly built fortifications called “Ft. Necessity”

French and Indian War French and Indians had 700 troops who used guerrilla tactics to defeat GW GW surrendered; French released him and sent him back to Virginia

French and Indian War Albany Plan of Union: plan to unite colonies under one central government Delegate: representative or spokesperson Delegates from 7 colonies met in Albany, NY to make alliance with Iroquois and to try to unite colonies under one government Alliance with Iroquois was approved, but colonies did NOT agree to central government

French and Indian War 1755, British send General Braddock to attack French Braddock was experienced in British army and very stubborn Had little or no experience fighting in wilderness and against guerrilla tactics

French and Indian War GW tried to warn Braddock about guerrilla tactics; Braddock ignored him French and Indians launched surprise attack: Braddock killed; his troops defeated.

French and Indian War French and Indians fight hard and drive back British; Spain supports France British suffer defeat over and over for two years 1757 William Pitt takes control of British government; orders army to make victory against French highest priority. 1758 Brits take Ft. Duquesne and rename it Ft. Pitt – now on site of modern Pittsburgh, PA

French and Indian War 1759 British invade New France Brits take capital city of Quebec; French surrender Peace treaty signed in Paris, France, 1763 – Seven years later (War often called Seven Years War)

French and Indian War Treaty: An official agreement between two countries – can be for trade, peace, or military Terms of Treaty of Paris: British get: Canada, all French land east of Mississippi except New Orleans, Florida Spanish get: All French land west of Mississippi and New Orleans France keeps: Sugar islands in West Indies, New Orleans, and two island in Gulf of St. Lawrence

French and Indian War Result: England gains new lands but runs up HUGE war debt. War was supposed to be short, but lasted 7 years.