49. What was the Balfour Declaration? (p. 746) The 1917 Balfour Declaration declared that the British favored a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

50. Who was Ataturk (Mustafa Kemal) and why was he important. (p Atatürk was a military officer during World War I. led the Turkish national movement in the Turkish War of Independence. defeated the forces sent by the Allies. gained Turkey independence. Atatürk then embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms, seeking to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, westernized and secular nation-state.

Goes against fundamentalism Ataturk’s Reform Program Westernization & nationalism: Compulsory, secular education. Western clothing, western writing. Women unveiled & given full citizenship and the right to vote. Similar to what was happening in Japan during Meiji Restoration and Russia with Peter the Great Goes against fundamentalism Delete out similar to what was happening in japan during Meiji and Peter the Great, Goes agains fundamentalism

51. How did the use of the atomic bomb affect the people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? (p. 744-745) The bombing of these places led to the death of 70,000 people and the radiation of millions of others. The shrine in Nagasaki survived the bombing and the earthquake of 2012

52. Define total warfare. (p. 807) Is a war limitless in its impact Total warfare impacts ALL elements of life for soldiers and citizens alike in hopes of limiting the advantages of the enemy. Used starting with Napoleon but seen in both World Wars

53. The communists were successful in China because they were supported by which groups of people? (p. 753) The Peasants who were starving and made up most of the population.

54. Compare NATO and the Warsaw Pact, including countries involved and reasons formed. (p. 812) Military Alliances NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Pro- democracy / Anti-Communist Warsaw Pact Pro-Soviet / Anti-Capitalist/Democracy

Berlin was split in half 55. Explain how the city of Berlin was affected by the Cold War. (p. 812, 848) Berlin was split in half At the end of WW II each of the Allies controlled a zone in Germany and Berlin, which was surrounded by the Soviet zone. Cooperation broke down in 1947, so the 3 Western powers created a separate West German government in their zones. The Soviets tried to stop them by escalating harassment of Western traffic to and from the city, which culminated in the Berlin blockade. This led to the allies flying in supplies to Berlin, known as the Berlin Airlift. Post-War Germany Split in half, build the wall get wall pic

Berlin Airlift: 1948-49 Berlin Candy Bombing USA 1 USSR 0 56. What were some specific programs or policies that the U.S. did in response to the threat of the Soviet Union during the Cold War? (p. 812-813, 858-860)

And the …Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961 An unsuccessful attempt in 1961 to overthrow Fidel Castro’s communist regime. The plan was to land at the Bay of Pigs with support from anti-Castro forces and overthrow the Cuban government without anyone knowing that the U.S. was involved. On April 17, 1961 about 1500 exiles with U.S. weapons landed at the Bay of Pigs. They intended to cross the island to Havana, but were quickly met by Fidel’s army. By the time the fighting ended on April 19, 100 people were dead. It was a huge embarrassment for the Kennedy administration.