The Thirty Years’ War.

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Presentation transcript:

The Thirty Years’ War

An “Age of Crisis” Yearning for order  Increased gov’t power “Little Ice Age”  Vulnerability in villages Economic recession in most of Europe

Background to the Thirty Years’ War Militant Catholicism vs. Militant Calvinism & Bourbons vs. Habsburgs Peace of Augsburg (1555)  Did not account for Calvinism Formation of Protestant Union (1608) Formation of Catholic League (1609) Habsburg consolidation resisted by princes

The Bohemian Phase (1618-1625) Bohemia traditionally resisted Catholicism Habsburg Archduke Ferdinand elected king in 1617 Defenestration of Prague – May 1618 Ferdinand deposed, replaced with Elector Frederick V Ferdinand (HRE) allied with Duke Maximilian of Bavaria Battle of White Mountain, Nov. 8, 1620 Ferdinand reestablished as King of Bohemia, now a hereditary Habsburg possession

Talk About It At this point in the war, which groups/sides are winning and why?

Danish Phase (1625-1629) Intervention of King Christian IV of Denmark Albrecht of Wallestein – appointed by HRE Ferdinand to lead Catholic/Imperial army Denmark defeated by Catholic League in 1626 Edict of Restitution, 1629

Talk About It At this point in the war, which groups/sides are winning and why?

Swedish Phase (1630-1635) Arrival of Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus Battle of Lutzen, 1632 Battle of Nordlingen, 1634 Edict of Restitution annulled

Talk About It At this point in the war, which groups/sides are winning and why?

Franco-Swedish Phase (1635-1648) Religious issue losing significance Battle of Rocroi, 1643 Not decisive overall victory

Outcomes of the War 1648 – Peace of Westphalia ended war Clearly separation between religion & politics Beginning of modern international order Many areas of Germany devastated Part of “military revolution”