Classification of Organisms The Necessity of Classifying
Taxonomy also called “systematics” the science of classifying organisms into groups
Classify to assign an organism to a particular classification group Identify to determine the group in which an organism belongs
The History of Classification
Aristotle based his groupings on observable characteristics artificial classification system two major groups each with three subgroups used for almost 2,000 years
Carolus Linnaeus created a classification system in the mid-1700s based his system on observable characteristics made a more developed system that is also more flexible
Hierarchy of the Classification System Start with the broadest group or classification and work down to the most specific category.
kingdom phylum class order family genus species
domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species
The organisms in the kingdom Fungi were originally in the kingdom Plantae. Kingdom Animalia contains heterotrophic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms.
Classification System Each group can be divided into several groups on the next level. Each group has characteristics that all levels under the group possess. Each level can be subdivided before reaching the next level.
Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Appendix B
Kingdoms Eubacteria & Archaebacteria prokaryotic differ in the composition of their cell walls
Kingdom Protista algae & protozoans autotrophic and heterotrophic mobile and stationary unicellular and colonial eukaryotic cells that aren’t animals, plants, or fungi
Kingdom Fungi eukaryotic all heterotrophic unicellular and colonial
Kingdom Plantae eukaryotic all multicellular with true tissues most autotrophic
Kingdom Animalia eukaryotic all multicellular with true tissues all heterotrophic
A mushroom is colonial because its cells lack true nuclei. it lacks true tissues. it is heterotrophic. it is stationary.
A cell with a Golgi body is prokaryotic. is eukaryotic. may be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
A brown protist is most likely autotrophic. true false
Scientific Names
Binomial Nomenclature system of naming organisms in which each organism is given a genus and species name
Using Scientific Names example: Canis familiaris “Canis” (capitalized) “familiaris” (not capitalized) both words italicized or underlined
Why Latin? dead language known by scholars highly descriptive