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1 copyright cmassengale
Classification copyright cmassengale

2 copyright cmassengale
CLASSIFICATION There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!! New organisms are still being found and identified copyright cmassengale

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CLASSIFICATION Classification is the logical grouping of organisms based on criteria & characteristics of “biological significance.” Taxonomy – the branch of science that classifies organisms and names them using “Binomial Nomenclature.” copyright cmassengale

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CLASSIFICATION Accurately and uniformly names organisms Prevents misnomers such as starfish and jellyfish that are not really fish Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names Sea”horse”?? copyright cmassengale

5 Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names
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6 Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names
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STANDARDIZED NAMING Binomial nomenclature is the scientifically accepted naming system using two names. Genus species Genus - ALWAYS CAPITALIZED! species- always lower cased! Names are Latin – universal language Underline when writing Turdus migratorius American Robin copyright cmassengale

8 BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
Which TWO are more closely related? copyright cmassengale

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CAROLUS LINNAEUS 18th century taxonomist developed a classification system based on physical characteristics Developed naming system still used today copyright cmassengale

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CAROLUS LINNAEUS only TWO kingdoms. Originally Linnaeus only used physical characteristics to group and name organisms. copyright cmassengale

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CAROLUS LINNAEUS Called the “Father of Taxonomy” Developed the modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature Two-word name (Genus & species) copyright cmassengale

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TAXONOMY Now Taxonomists also use: Phylogeny- examining how organisms are related to each other based on evolution. Taxonomist use cladograms to show the evolutionary relationship between organisms. copyright cmassengale

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TAXONOMY Now Taxonomists also use: Genetics - Similarities in an organism’s genes can be used to help determine how organisms are related to each other and how the species have changed over time. copyright cmassengale

14 Rules for Naming Organisms
The International Code for Binomial Nomenclature contains the rules for naming organisms All names must be approved by International Naming Congresses. This prevents duplicated names copyright cmassengale

15 Classification Groups
Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific copyright cmassengale

16 Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
Domain Kingdom Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species BROADEST TAXON Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants. Most Specific copyright cmassengale

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Dear King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain! copyright cmassengale

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19 Domains Domains ARCHAE Kingdoms ARCHAEBACTERIA
Cell Type – Prokaryote or Eukaryote # of cells – Unicellular or Multicellular or Both Cell Structure – Cell wall composition Nutrition – Autotroph or Heterotroph or Both copyright cmassengale

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Domains Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles copyright cmassengale

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ARCHAEA Probably the first cells to evolve. Live in HARSH environments Prokaryotes, unicellular Cell wall contain NO peptidoglycan Autotrophs and Heterotrophs. Found in: Sewage Treatment Plants Thermal or Volcanic Vents Hot Springs or Geysers that are acidic. Very salty water (Dead Sea; Great Salt Lake) copyright cmassengale

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ARCHAEAN copyright cmassengale

23 Domains Domains ARCHAE Kingdoms ARCHAEBACTERIA
Cell Type – Prokaryote or Eukaryote PROKARYOTE # of cells – Unicellular or Multicellular or Both UNICELLULAR Cell Structure – Cell wall composition CELL WALL WITH no PEPTIDOGLYCAN Nutrition – Autotroph or Heterotroph or Both BOTH copyright cmassengale

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EUBACTERIA Some may cause DISEASE. Found in ALL HABITATS except harsh ones. Prokaryotes, unicellular Cell wall contain peptidoglycan Autotrophs and Heterotrophs. Important decomposers for environment Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc. copyright cmassengale

25 Live in the intestines of animals copyright cmassengale

26 Domains Domains BACTERIA Kingdoms EUBACTERIA
Cell Type – Prokaryote or Eukaryote PROKARYOTE # of cells – Unicellular or Multicellular or Both UNICELLULAR Cell Structure – Cell wall composition CELL WALL WITH PEPTIDOGLYCAN Nutrition – Autotroph or Heterotroph or Both BOTH copyright cmassengale

27 Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms
Protista (protozoans, algae…) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) Plantae (multicellular plants) Animalia (multicellular animals) copyright cmassengale

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Protista Most are unicellular Some are multicellular Cell wall contains cellulose Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic Aquatic copyright cmassengale

29 Domains Domains EUKARYA Kingdoms PROTIST
Cell Type – Prokaryote or Eukaryote EUKARYOTE # of cells – Unicellular or Multicellular or Both MOSTLY UNICELLULAR Cell Structure – Cell wall composition CELL WALL WITH CELLULOSE Nutrition – Autotroph or Heterotroph or Both BOTH copyright cmassengale

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Fungi Multicellular, except yeast. Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it) Cell walls made of chitin copyright cmassengale

31 Domains Domains EUKARYA Kingdoms FUNGI
Cell Type – Prokaryote or Eukaryote EUKARYOTE # of cells – Unicellular or Multicellular or Both MULTICELLULAR EXCEPT ONE Cell Structure – Cell wall composition CELL WALL CONTAIN CHITIN Nutrition – Autotroph or Heterotroph or Both HETEROTROPHS copyright cmassengale

32 copyright cmassengale
Plantae Multicellular Autotrophic Absorb sunlight to make glucose – Photosynthesis Cell walls made of cellulose Growth, with increases in size and number of cells, is part of development. Development involves many stages from conception until death. copyright cmassengale

33 Domains Domains EUKARYA Kingdoms PLANT
Cell Type – Prokaryote or Eukaryote EUKARYOTE # of cells – Unicellular or Multicellular or Both MULTICELLULAR Cell Structure – Cell wall composition CELL WALL MADE WITH CELLULOSE Nutrition – Autotroph or Heterotroph or Both AUTOTROPHS copyright cmassengale

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Animalia Multicellular Ingestive heterotrophs (consume food & digest it inside their bodies) No cell walls Feed on plants or animals copyright cmassengale

35 Domains Domains EUKARYA Kingdoms ANIMALS
Cell Type – Prokaryote or Eukaryote EUKARYOTE # of cells – Unicellular or Multicellular or Both MULTICELLULAR Cell Structure – Cell wall composition NO CELL WALL Nutrition – Autotroph or Heterotroph or Both HETEROTROPHS copyright cmassengale

36 copyright cmassengale

37 Do Section A in worksheet for homework.
The End Do Section A in worksheet for homework.

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