Europe tries to conquer the world! European Exploration Europe tries to conquer the world!

What did Europe Want? All of the countries in Europe that sent out explorers wanted the same things: To spread Christianity To gain territory-natural resources To get rich-to market the goods There were four main players in the game: Portugal Spain England France

Portugal Where is Portugal? Portugal was an ideal country to begin exploration: Long shoreline with many harbors Center of knowledge & technology

Prince Henry The Navigator Coordinated all of the learning mathematical and navigational learning in Portugal Institute of Sagres Important research center Many mathematical breakthroughs and naval technology advances

Results of Portuguese exploration Discovered: Brazil Eastern route to India (around Cape Good Hope) Established trade with China Although Europeans did not create the slave trade, Portugal were the first Europeans to participate in it. Need for slaves was great in Brazil, the Caribbean, and the Southern United States Portugal was able to benefit greatly from the sale of slaves

technology There were many technological advances that made exploration easier: The compass The astrolabe The cross-staff The caravel

Spain Christopher Columbus Italian explorer, who sailed for Spain Not the first to discover America, but may have made it more “famous” Initiated communication between indigenous Americans (He called them Indians, since he thought he was in India!)

Conquistadors Conquistador means “conqueror.” Spanish conquistadors claimed land for Spain by overpowering American empires, like the Aztecs and the Incas.

The goals of Spanish exploration The three “G’s” God Spanish was a Catholic nation Forced Americans to convert Glory Conquistadors become famous and wealthy. Gold American mountains were full of gold As a result, Spain became very wealthy

ENGLAND Even though British explorers successfully made landfall in Canada in 1497, under the rule of King Henry VII, no attempt to establish a colony was made at that time. Under Elizabeth I (Henry VII’s granddaughter) Rivalry between England and Spain English privateers (pirates) attacked Spanish ships and ports and stole their treasures

British America 1607 – Jamestown was England’s first colony (eventually became Virginia) Virginia was the first of 13 British colonies The Caribbean colonies were the most important : Sugar plantations Dependent on slave labor

“The Sun never sets” After colonizing areas in four continents, the British Empire became the largest empire in history! It was often said that “The sun never sets on the British Empire” because it was so big that the sun was always shining on at least one of its colonies!

FRANCE France had two different empires The first was in the Americas (1608-1803) The second was in Africa & Asia (1830 – 1960) Quebec Permanent fur trading post The French people wanted fur Canadians wanted metal, guns, alcohol and clothing

The fall of the French Lost Quebec in the Seven Years War to Britain in 1763 Sold North American holdings to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.

Comprehension questions What did Europe want? Why was Henry the Navigator important? Name two technological advances that helped navigation. What were the goals of Spanish explorations? What was the Line of Demarcation? What nation had the biggest empire? Which colonies were the most important to England and why? Why was Quebec important to the French?