EQ: HOW DID THESE MEN CONTRIBUTE TO THE WAR? THE DICTATORS EQ: HOW DID THESE MEN CONTRIBUTE TO THE WAR?

WHAT IS A FACIST STATE? A form of extreme right-wing ideology. Powerful and continuing nationalism. Constant use of patriotic mottos, slogans, symbols, songs, etc. Flags are seen everywhere. Promise the promotion of their country at the expense of “lesser” peoples (Germany-Jews, Japanese-Chinese) Provide scapegoats for the problems of their country

BENITO MUSSOLINI - HOW DID HE TAKE POWER? 1921 - Reformed a political party which became the Nationalist Fascist Party 1922 -March on Rome-King Victor Emmanuel, fearing that the March on Rome would lead to a civil war, gave Mussolini the post of Prime Minister. 1925 - Mussolini declared Italy a fascist dictatorship and took control over society, politics, and economics, as well as the military.

BENITO MUSSOLINI – POLITICAL BELIEFS Mussolini was in favor of state controlled economics, state controlled society and that the political system should be in the hands of few. Controlled - newspapers/media - schools - businesses - daily life Controlled using secret police and terror tactics

BENITO MUSSOLINI - EFFECT ON WORLD POLITICS. He created the first Fascism government and was allied with Germany throughout WWII. Created an Empire and wanted to Restore Rome to time of Caesars Make the Mediterranean an “Italian Lake” Same government controls of everything as in Germany

BENITO MUSSOLINI - LASTING IMPACT Known as Il Duce- “the Chief” Italian Imperialism Possibly Mussolini’s most direct and lasting impact was not in Italy, but his influence on Hitler and Nazism. Hailed by the people because he “Made the trains run on time”

BENITO MUSSOLINI AND MILITARISM He was opposed to Communism and was very Militaristic. The Italian army was not known for being a preeminent power during WWII. He directly influenced Hitler and the Nazi’s. Mussolini did, however, extend the Italian empire, especially into Africa.

ADOLF HITLER - HOW DID HE TAKE POWER? 1923 - Hitler attempted to take control of a struggling Germany. In jail he wrote “Mein Kampf” exposing his political ideology. 1932 - Defeated von Hindenburg in national election and was elected Chancellor of Germany. 1934 - Hitler declares himself the “Fuhrer of Germany taking dictatorial power. 1938 - Anschluss with Austria (Outlawed by Treaty of Versailles 1939 - Invasion of Poland and start of WWII

ADOLF HITLER – POLITICAL BELIEFS Hitler believed the Treaty of Versailles was a result of German leaders betraying the German people. He thought Germany would, one day, have a reemergence as a world power. Germany Superior than any other race. Jews Major Threat to the German people. All German Speaking people need to unite Germany needs a “True Living Space”

ADOLF HITLER - EFFECT ON WORLD POLITICS Hitler had an immediate and direct impact on politicians around the world. Some admired his beliefs and convictions, others saw a dangerous man who would, one day, have a direct impact on the death of 52 million people. Allied leaders in Europe made an attempt to appease Hitler in 1938 when they signed the Munich Agreement.

ADOLF HITLER - LASTING IMPACT The name Adolf Hitler tied with hate and genocide. The war he helped to start is the bloodiest war in human history. There are, unfortunately, still people today who follow the principles of Nazism. The German people are still haunted by the actions of the Nazi government.

ADOLF HITLER AND MILITARISM Above all else, Hitler believed in the military superiority of the German empire. His fighting techniques, such as blitzkrieg, threatened to overthrow Europe in only a year.

JOSEPH STALIN - HOW DID HE TAKE POWER? After the death of the first Communist dictator in the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin A power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky. Stalin won and immediately set out to diminish any struggle for power. He further abolished all opposition and sent political prisoners to “re-education” camps. By 1928, Stalin was undoubtedly the leader of the Soviet Union.

JOSEPH STALIN – POLITICAL BELIEFS Five Year Plans - Goals for the Communist state including industry and economics Collectivization of Agriculture communism theory Increase Soviet knowledge in the sciences. Believed in military superiority over the United States (build-up of nuclear weapons)

JOSEPH STALIN - EFFECT ON WORLD POLITICS He led the Soviet Union through domestic instability (not always well) while fighting against Hitler in WWII.

JOSEPH STALIN AND MILITARISM Stalin believed in having a large military. When the Soviet Union was invaded by Nazi Germany. In June of 1941 Stalin started a build-up of the Soviet army which would last for several decades.

JOSEPH STALIN - LASTING IMPACT Millions of men and women died under his rule of an steel fist. He led the Soviet Union until his death in 1953. The United States essentially based its foreign policy around that of the Soviet Union, and vice-versa, for 50 years. He left the United States and Soviet Union embroiled in a battle for world supremacy which would last until 1991.

HIDEKI TOJO - HOW DID HE TAKE POWER? 1920’s - Tojo works his way up the military ladder in Japan. 1930’s - Led troops in battle in China 1940 - Appointed War Minister 1941 - Emperor Hirohito elevates Tojo to the post of Prime Minister

HIDEKI TOJO - BELIEFS Tojo believed in the Racial Superiority of the Japanese people, especially over the Chinese. He was also ultra-nationalistic as well as very militaristic. He wanted to expand the Japanese empire throughout the Pacific Rim.

HIDEKI TOJO - EFFECT ON WORLD POLITICS When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Tojo became public enemy number one in the United States. During his tenure as Prime Minister he increased alliances with the Axis powers in Europe Extended military control over Japanese Society and the Pacific Rim.

HIDEKI TOJO AND MILITARISM Tojo and the Japanese military commanders believed Japan to be invincible. For hundreds of years the Japanese mainland was not successfully invaded. Japan extended its empire throughout the Pacific Rim and had visions of going quite a bit farther.

HIDEKI TOJO - LASTING IMPACT Hideki Tojo is, today, known as a man who led the Japanese into WWII against the United States. He is credited for increasing Japanese military, industrial, and imperialistic capacity. Tojo was executed for war crimes in 1948.