1. Dictators

2. THE RESPONSE OF GOVERNMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES, GERMANY, AND THE SOVIET UNION TO GLOBAL DEPRESSION
Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal – government spending would create jobs and start a recovery through public works projects
Creation of government agencies that gave financial help to businesses and farms
The creation of the welfare system and relief programs including Social Security
The push for regulations to reform the stock market and the banking system

3. Germany
The rise of the military dictatorship with Hitler and the Nazi party
The militarism and mobilization of the military helped to reduce high unemployment in Germany
The outlawing of labor unions for the increase of state power over the working class
Soviet Union
Totalitarian communism government emphasized industrialization and “collectivization” (farms under government control)
Millions were exiled to Siberia in labor camps

5. THE EMERGENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TOTALITARIANISM
Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union ( )
Benito Mussolini – Italy ( )
Adolf Hitler – Germany ( )
Hideki Tojo - Japan (

6. Characteristics
Dictatorship and absolute rule has a dynamic leader who unites people towards a common goal and expects unconditional loyalty and uncritical support.
The ideology glorifies the aims of the state and justifies government actions.
Pushes for state control over all aspects of society including business, religion, family life, education, and the arts utilizing propaganda
State control over the individual including denial of all civil liberties
Organized violence that uses force such as police terror (for example, Mussolini's Black Shirts Hitler’s SS and Stalin’s Great Purge), targeting of groups such as national minorities (anti Semitism), and political opponents

7. THE ROLES OF VARIOUS WORLD LEADERS
Benito Mussolini (b. 1883, d. 1945, ) – fascist dictator of Italy during World War II, allied to Hitler and Tojo
Adolf Hitler (b. 1889, d. 1945, ) – Nazi dictator of Germany during World War II, allied to Mussolini and Tojo, responsible for the Holocaust
Hideki Tojo (b. 1884, d. 1948, ) – Prime Minister of Japan, had more power than Emperor Hirohito
Joseph Stalin (b. 1878, d. 1953, ) – communist dictator of the Soviet Union, joined the Allies because he was betrayed over Poland

8. Franklin Roosevelt (b. 1882, d
Franklin Roosevelt (b. 1882, d. 1945, ) – President of the United States who died before World War II was over, was
Winston Churchill (b. 1874, d. 1964, ) – Prime Minister of Great Britain
Harry S. Truman (b. 1884, d. 1972, ) - President of the United States who took over after Roosevelt’s death, made the decision to drop the atomic bomb
Leaders of the Axis Powers: Hitler, Mussolini, Tojo
Leaders of the Allied Powers: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin (met during Yalta Conference in to determine outcome of Europe after World War II), and Truman after Roosevelt’s death (met with Stalin and Atlee at Potsdam Conference).

9. THE MAJOR CAUSES AND EVENTS OF WORLD WAR II
German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, leads to Great Britain and France?s declarations of war on Germany; the invasion is also the first use of the German blitzkrieg (“lightning war”) that incorporates fast-moving airplanes and tanks.
The German invasion of the Soviet Union, also called Operation Barbarossa ( ) results in the unsuccessful German sieges of Leningrad and Moscow. The harsh Russian winter halts further invasion in Russia. Germans besiege Stalingrad in and are forced to surrender the following year. The Soviet army then begins to push westward into Europe.

10. The Holocaust – genocide of over 6 million Jews and 7 million people in other groups including Catholics, gypsies, political enemies, etc, throughout Europe considered by Germany to be inferior; known as “The Final Solution” and resulted in the extermination of these people in death camps
Japanese imperialism – plans for a Pacific empire that included China that would allow Japan to solve its economic problems through the provision of raw materials and markets for its goods, as well as providing more room for its growing population. Manchuria and China were invaded in the 1930s.

11. Attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941) by Japan lead the United States to declare war on Japan. This results in a declaration of war on the United States by Germany and Italy because opf the alliance system.
Normandy landings (June 6, 1944 – “D-Day”) by Allied forces on the coast of France lead to a German retreat. General Eisenhower helped lead. As a result, France and the Low Countries are liberated and Allied troops push eastward into Germany. This leads to Germany's surrender in 1945.
Dropping of atomic bombs (August 6 and 9, 1945) by U.S. on Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki leads to Japan’s surrender.