7-4 Return to Chinese Rule Essential Question: Compare and Contrast the Mongol and Ming trade policies after the death of Yongle.

Overthrow the mongols 1294 Kublai Khan dies Mongol rule weakens 1368 Zhu Yuanzhang takes over Mongol empire

Ming emperor Encouraged Confucianism Brought back state exams Zhu Yuanzhang established Ming Dynasty Became first emperor under name Hongwu Encouraged Confucianism Brought back state exams Rebuilt roads and canals Rebuilt and extended the Great Wall Lowered taxes Provided farmers with land

hongwu Took control of all government offices Increased personal power Removed the position of prime minister Took control of all government offices Made all decisions himself Set up secret service to spy on people Had people arrested and killer for treason Died 1398 Grandson succeeded him

Yongle’s rule 1493 Yongle takes power Enlarged Beijing 5 years of war 1493 Yongle takes power Ming Dynasty reaches height of his power Enlarged Beijing Built the Forbidden City Foreigners and commoners not allowed inside of the city Wanted the world to see his greatness and the greatness of China

Forbidden city

Maritime voyages sea voyages 1400’s Yongle sends out a series of Maritime voyages Wanted to extend Chinese influence and gain tributes Built a fleet of ships Zheng He led 7 voyages between 1405-1433 300 ships 28,000 crew members Sailed around Southeast Asia to India, Arabia, and Africa China’s foreign trade and reputation grew

Change of policy 1430’s Yongle and Zheng He die Confucian officials felt the gov’t gained little from trade and foreign contact Concerned with invasion from Central Asia Ming gov’t ends maritime voyages, bans building of seagoing ships Isolation does not last 1500’s European ships were sailing to China Trade expanded to Southeast Asia