Opener Based on previous knowledge and Monday’s game, explain some specific reasons why you think countries in the early 1900s might go to war?

The Causes and Start of World War I

M.A.I.N Causes of World War I M=Militarism A=Alliance system I=Imperialism N=Nationalism

M=Militarism is the aggressive preparation for war. M.A.I.N Causes of World War I M=Militarism is the aggressive preparation for war. Use of Conscription--or military draft--was common. European armies doubled in size between 1890-1914.

M.A.I.N Causes of World War I A=Alliance system Triple Alliance formed in 1882= Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Triple Entente formed in 1907= France, Great Britain, and Russia A crisis in the Balkans between 1908 and 1913 left the European states angry at each other and eager for revenge. They were willing to use war.

M.A.I.N Causes of World War I I=Imperialism the desire for colonies and a larger empire led to fierce rivalries and tense competition among European states for new colonies and markets.

M.A.I.N Causes of World War I N=Nationalism--strong pride in one’s country, or a desire for ethnic independence. Spurred European nations to extend their territory awakened movements for independence among minor nationalities, such as the Serbs.

What do you think this means? Causes of World War I Tension was high in Europe, a “powder-keg waiting for a spark.” What do you think this means?

The Serbian Problem Tensions rose with Austria-Hungary and Russia fighting for domination of new states in Southeastern Europe. 1914, Serbia, supported by Russia, was determined to make an independent Slavic state in the Balkans. Austria-Hungary was determined to prevent that from happening.

The Match June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, and his wife Sophia, visited Sarajevo. the Black Hand, a Serbian terrorist organization wanted Bosnia to be free of Austria-Hungary and join a Serbian kingdom. That morning, a conspirator threw a bomb at the car, but missed. Later that day, 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb, shot and killed both the Archduke and his wife.

Responses Austria-Hungary sought revenge against Serbia, but feared Russia. So, they asked Germany for help. July 23, 1914 Austria-Hungary sent an ultimatum to Serbia. To maintain their sovereignty, Serbia was forced to reject the ultimatum. July 28 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Czar Nicholas II, began to mobilize Russia’s army against Austria-Hungary. Seen as an act of war. August 1, Germany declares war on Russia.

Serbian Ultimatum Archduke Franz Ferdinand is Assassinated Russia Mobilizes army Militarism: War prep, conscription Nationalism: Extreme pride in own nation Alliances: Triple alliance/entente Imperialism: More colonies=competition

Schlieffen Plan General Alfred von Schlieffen a military strategy for Germany. In the plan, Germany would have a small holding action on the Russian front while most of the German army would invade France. After defeating France, Germany would then turn all resources onto Russia. August 3, Germany declared war on France. Belgium=neutral--Germans traveled through Belgium. August 4, Great Britain declares war on Germany for breaking Belgium neutrality. By August 4, all the great powers in Europe were at war.

The Fronts The Western Front Trench warfare stalemate “No-man’s-land” War of Attrition The Eastern Front Mobility Russia pushed back.

The War Widens Ottoman Empire enters on Germany’s side Italy enters war on Allied side. Japan=ally of Great Britain United States enters the war.

WWI Technology Planes and Tanks

WWI technology Zeppelin

WWI technology Flame throwers and Machine Guns

WWI technology Submarine and poison gas

Opener Read the following poem and answer the questions next to it. 1. What are some of the jobs the poem says women have? 2. According to the poem, why do these women have these jobs? 3. Based on the poem, what kind of life did the women have before this? 4. What will happen to the women when the men come back? There’s the girl who clips your ticket for the train, and the girl who speeds the lift from the floor to floor, There’s the girl who does a milk-round in the rain, And the girl who calls for orders at your door. Strong, sensible, and fit, They’re out to show their grit, And tackle jobs with energy and knack. No longer caged and penned up, They’re going to keep their end up Till the khaki soldier boys come marching back

The Home Front TOTAL WAR Increased Government power propaganda Women and the workforce

The Last Year 2nd Battle of the Marne, 1917 Imperial Government of Germany collapses Social Democrats and the Armistice Revolutions in Germany and Austria-Hungary

Beginning of Peace Woodrow Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” League of Nations Paris Peace Conference The “Big Four”

Treaty of Versailles Article 231=War Guilt Clause Reparations Military and Territorial provisions of the treaty

A New Map of Europe Before WWI After WWI

The Legacy of World War I Almost 10 million military casualties New inventions changed how future wars were fought. Including: Planes, tanks, Flame throwers, submarines, trench warfare, machine guns, poison gas.