Imperialism in China

China

Why China? Mineral resources Had silk, tea & porcelain Large market to sell goods to Europeans want these things & China was the only place they could get them! Europeans have lots of goods to sell due to the Industrial Revolution (think: machines are now – QUICKLY – making goods! They’ve run out of people to sell them to!

Why China? Ethnocentrism Many European nations have a strong military No strong military Ethnocentrism belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group China is isolated & they don’t know anything about other cultures Many European nations have a strong military

China’s Economy Self sufficient agricultural & mining economy Successfully fed 300 million people Had raw materials that Europeans wanted: sugar, ginger, silk, porcelain, tea Remember: Europeans are imperializing because they need more materials & goods

China’s Economy NOTHING!!!!! So….what does Britain have that China wants? NOTHING!!!!!

HMMM…what can I SELL to the Chinese in order to make money?! The British in China British import millions of pounds of tea from China They’re buying a lot, but not selling a lot… HMMM…what can I SELL to the Chinese in order to make money?!

The British in China OPIUM!!

Opium Grown in India Britain’s other colony Highly addictive

Opium British flood China with opium 1835 12 million addicted to smoking opium

Opium Opium causes moral, social, political & economic problems for China “By what right do they [British merchants]… use the poisonous drug [opium] to injure the Chinese people?... I have heard that the smoking of opium is very strictly forbidden by your country; that is because the harm caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not permitted to do harm to your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries.”

Opium War (1839 – 1842) Chinese Government: Bans all trade in opium Destroy stockpile of opium in a warehouse

Opium War (1839 – 1842) British response: Mostly fought at sea Send warships! Remember – Britain has a STRONG NAVY! Mostly fought at sea Chinese navy could not compete with British Navy Cannons & steam powered gunboats

**TREATY TO END OPIUM WAR** Treaty of Nanjing - 1842 **TREATY TO END OPIUM WAR** Results: China forced to open 5 ports for trade Gave Britain the Island of Hong Kong Returned in 1997 China had to pay for destroyed opium

exemption from Chinese law in certain port cities Treaty of Nanjing - 1842 Results (con’t) British merchants & British government officials to live in these new port cities EXTRATERRITORIAL RIGHTS: exemption from Chinese law in certain port cities

Treaty of Nanjing - 1842 Unequal treaty Other nations (France, Russia, Germany, & Japan) forced China to sign treaties granting them the same trading rights as Britain spheres of influence - area in which a foreign nation controlled trade & investment

Open Door Policy - 1899 United States Open Door Policy Afraid that they would be left out of China Were not part of the spheres of influence Open Door Policy all foreign nations were to enjoy equal trading rights in China Protects American trading rights Prevents China from becoming fully colonized

HEADS UP! European countries & the US never “take over” China, they just economically and politically dominate China!

“Boxers” are part of the society of harmonious fists Boxer Rebellion - 1890 “Boxers” are part of the society of harmonious fists Causes: Unrest due to China’s inability to defend against imperialism Empress thought of as corrupt & not helping to improve peoples’ lives

Boxer Rebellion - 1890 Causes (con’t) Chinese resented extraterritorial rights Special privileges given to foreigners Resentment towards Chinese Christians, who were protected by missionaries

**The Boxers’ Goal: to drive out foreigners from China** Boxer Rebellion - 1890 **The Boxers’ Goal: to drive out foreigners from China** Surrounded the European section of Beijing & held it under siege for several months A multinational force of 20,000 troops (British, French, German, Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan, & US) put down the rebellion Again, European superior weapons are to blame for the loss

How are the Boxer Rebellion & the Sepoy Mutiny similar? Connection… Question: How are the Boxer Rebellion & the Sepoy Mutiny similar? Answer: Both opposed European imperialism & wanted to end foreign domination of their country