The age of Exploration & Isolation Chapter 3 The age of Exploration & Isolation

Europeans Explore the East 3.1 Europeans Explore the East

God, Glory & Gold Europeans Seek new trade routes Nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and pepper Was extremely expensive to send from Asia to Europe Reason to find a sea trade route Also wanted to spread Christianity

New Technology Early ships could not sail against the wind Caravel could cross 3,000 miles of ocean Navigation - Astrolabe & magnetic compass

Portugal Took the lead in exploration Big push from the Prince Made a series of trade ports along Africa Bartolomeu Dias Rounded the tip of Africa Vasco da Gama First sailor to India 27,000 miles Cargo was worth 60x's the cost of the trip

Spain Christopher Columbus Convinced the Spanish Monarch to finance a trip Find a route to India by going West Mistook an island in the Caribbean for the Indies

Rivalry Portugal believed Spain was claiming their lands Pope drew an imaginary line through the Atlantic Treaty o Tordesilla to honor agreement

Trading Empire Tried building large trading empire Took spice trade from Muslims Able to defeat Muslim ships by use of cannon Began building forts Successfully stopped the Italian/Muslim trade

Other nations Dutch & English began to challenge Portugal By 1600 the Dutch owned the largest fleet 20,000 vessels Created the Dutch East India Trading Company Increased its influence over the Indian Ocean

China Limits European Contact 3.2 China Limits European Contact

Ming Dynasty Peasant's son commands a rebel army Drives out Mongols Pushes Agriculture Production & Erasing Mongols Merit based civil service examinations Problems causes him to be ruthless Purges government - Kills thousands

Voyages Zheng He commands all voyages Large ships, large measurements, distances 40-300 ships each voyage each over 400 feet long After 7th voyage they withdraw to isolation

Foreign Relations Only government was allowed to conduct foreign trade Did not become industrialized Money "Supporting foreigners and robbery" Chinese favored agriculture - taxes were low

Qing Dynasty 1600 Ming Dynasty became weak Rebellion follows weak government Manchus - Northeast of Great Wall Invades China & becomes new dynasty

Qing Dynasty Reduces government & lowered taxes Opens up to science, math & medicine

Isolation If country's wanted to trade had to follow rules Trade only at certain ports Pay tribute Dutch accepts rules but England did not

Life in Ming & Qing Women Sons were favored over girls Only sons allowed to do religious rituals Many female infants were killed Most women were forced to remain inside the home

Japan Returns to Isolation 3.3 Pg. 108 Japan Returns to Isolation

Feudalism Security comes from a group of powerful warlords Built forts & castles Created small armies of samurai on horses Created disorder

New Leaders Several leaders wanted to rule entire country Oda Nobunagaa - seized capital "Rule the empire by force" Not able to unify Japan Committed seppuku

Tokugawa Ieyasu Unifies Japan To keep from rebellions Requires local leaders to spend every other year in the capital. On the off years they had to leave their families as hostage

Society in Japan Emperor had top rank but just figure head Shogun - supreme military commander held power Next diamyo - powerful Samurai

Closed Country Policy Persecutes Christians Keep out Merchants & missionaries Japanese were forbidden to leave Japan