1. Chapter 3.1 Europeans Explore the East:
Why did they go exploring?
GOLD!!, GOD, and GLORY
I. Europeans seek new trade routes:
For spices and other luxury goods in Asia.
Because Italians controlled trade from the East to the West and were becoming a wealthy empire.
Christianity – duty of Christians to fight Muslims and convert non-Christians

3. II. How did they go exploring
II. How did they go exploring? Caravel- new boats that could sail against the wind. (triangular sails) Astrolabe- a brass circle with rings to mark degrees by sight and latitude of stars Compass- invented by the Chinese used a magnet to tell directions

4. III. Why was Portugal first?
1st to establish trading out posts along the west coast of Africa (pushing further East into the Indian Ocean.)
Prince Henry–(of Portugal) founded a navigation school- to teach trades in mapmaking, shipbuilders, and sea captains
Strong government support!! .

5. Prince Henry the Navigator

6. Portugal Reaches Asia
Bartolomeu Dias was successful in reaching the tip of Africa, but ran out of supplies and returned home.
Vasco da Gama was successful in finding a sea route to India. The spices, silks, and gems in India amazed the Portuguese.

7. IV. Spain also makes claims in Explorations:
Christopher Columbus – an Italian sea captain from Portugal
convinced the Spanish King(Ferdinand) and Queen (Isabella) to finance a voyage, to find a trade route to Asia, by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean.
By October 1492, he found an island in the Caribbean and mistook it for the East Indies (Asia).

8. Tensions between Spain and Portugal increase because they are arguing over who had the right to claim the land Columbus found in the Americas.
Pope Alexander VI- attempted to keep peace by establishing the Line of Demarcation
-Treaty of Tordesillas – an agreement to honor the line of demarcation.

9. V. Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
A. Portugal
Controlled the Spice Islands first
B. Spain
Ferdinand Magellan- led a Spanish expedition to the Philippine Islands.
C. English
Controlled South Africa, which means they controlled sea trade to Europe
D. Netherlands
Pushed Portugal out of the Spice Islands. They controlled trade with China and Japan.

10. Chapter 3.2 – China Limits European Contacts
China was self-contained (subsistent) and was not at all interested in direct trade with Europeans.
They thought Europeans were barbarians.
Europeans were rude, and did not understand Chinese culture.
Europeans kept sending missionaries and trying to convert people to Christianity.

11. Ming Dynasty
Came to power in 1368 when the Chinese drove out the Mongols.
First emperor: Hongwu
He made agricultural reforms
He promoted Confucianism
He went crazy and killed a bunch of government officials.

12. Ming Dynasty Second emperor: Yonglo Hongwu’s son
Continued Dad’s policies on agriculture and Confucianism
Sent Zheng He out on voyages of exploration.

13. Ming Dynasty

15. Qing Dynasty
Came to power in 1644 when the Manchus (who are not Chinese!) drove the Ming Dynasty out.
First emperor: Kangxi
Lowered taxes
Tolerant of different religions
Forced Chinese men to wear their hair in a topknot.

17. Qing Dynasty Second Emperor: Qian-long Kangxi’s grandson
Continued policies of isolation
Trade restrictions – kowtow and trading ports
Indian Ocean trade controlled by the Dutch
China was self-sufficient and did not need anything from Europe – they only thing Europeans had to trade for tea, silks, and spices was gold and silver.

21. Wrap-up
Chinese Confucian and economic policies favored the growth of agriculture over industry.
Corn is NOT a crop native to China. Corn came from the Americas.
The Chinese did NOT trade sugar with the Dutch. By then, sugar came from colonies in the Americas.

22. Chapter 3.3 – Japan Returns to Isolation
First encounter in 1543(Portugal).
Europeans introduced muskets/cannon.
In 1549, missionaries arrived, and were very successful.
By 1612, Christianity was banned – fear of religious uprising.
By 1639, country was closed; only trade was with Dutch and Chinese.

24. Japanese Society Emperor – Figurehead Only Daimyo – Landowning Nobles
Samurai – Warriors (Loyal to Daimyo)
Commoners – Farmers, artisans, merchants

26. Samurai Warrior

27. Uniting Japan Warring States Period Oda Nobunaga Toyotomi Hideyoshi
A civil war among the daimyo.
Oda Nobunaga
Attempted to unite Japan, first used guns (muskets) in battle.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Nobunaga’s general, continued uniting Japan, disarmed commoners

28. Uniting Japan Tokugawa Ieyasu Finished the job of uniting Japan
First shogun – faked his family tree
He began 200 years of peace – no more civil war in Japan

29. Tokugawa Shogunate Alternative Attendance Policy
Required daimyo to live part time in Edo
If daimyo had to leave, families stayed behind
If daimyo rebelled, families would be killed
It was a VERY successful policy.

30. Closing the Country Portugal
Traded clocks, eyeglasses, tobacco, and firearms
Also sent missionaries, even when Japan told them not to and started executing missionaries & Christians
Eventually, Japan closed the country and only traded with the Chinese and Dutch (who didn’t send missionaries)

31. Sequencing Events Why did Japan close the country?
On page 112, beginning with “Christian Missionaries in Japan,” read to determine the order of events that led to the closing of the country.
Use the chart on the back page of your Chapter 3 notes.