Agenda To Get: To Do: Handout for guided notes Turn in questions from last class (if not already completed) Lecture – Infancy and Childhood development Video – Human Spark

Opener At what age is most of the ground work set for a child’s future development? What two things greatly influence a person’s ability to be happy, healthy and successful later in life? Name something you can do to make yourself happy/healthy regardless of upbringing…

Infancy and Childhood Study of Development Developmental Psychology – study of how people grow and change throughout the life span – from conception, through infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, and until death -experiences affect people as adolescents and adults -learn what causes and how to treat developmental problems -study stages as well as types of development (physical, social and/or cognitive) -longitudinal or cross-section -how heredity and environmental factors affect development -study if development is gradual or in stages

Roles of Nature and Nurture -Behavior is biologically programmed as long as a child receives adequate nutrition and social experience Maturation – automatic and sequential process of development that results from genetic signals   Critical Period – point in development during which a person or animal is best suited to learn a particular skill or behavior pattern (language acquisition) Key to physical and motor development

Stages Versus Continuity Debate Stages – developing in distinct levels (stairs) with noticeable and dramatic changes – walking vs. crawling Continuity – development is gradual (incline) can occur unnoticed – addition of new words to a child’s vocabulary

Physical Development Height and weight increase with time and nourishment Reflex – involuntary reaction/responses to stimuli– fade with growth or are retained, like swallowing and breathing, others are lost or replaced by motor and perceptual development

Height and Weight – greatest period of growth is in utero – nearly microscopic to 20 inches, a growth rate of about a billion times in 9 months! Infancy – double birth weight in 5 months, triple in a year, add 10 inches to height Childhood – 2-adolescence – add 2-3 inches and 4-6 pounds each year.

Motor Development Newborn’s random movements replaced by purposeful motor activity Varies among infants and cultures American babies – more time in cribs (walk at 12 months) Ugandan babies – more time vertical with parent (walk at 10 months)

Reflexes Essential to survival for infants – sucking, rooting, swallowing to get nourishment right after birth React to pain, loud noises (startle reflex), elimination of waste (keep that covered up!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fz6rFxfkgfM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-jKUfFUuSfA

Perceptual Development Months in warm, wet, dark environment – suddenly all senses get stimulated at once Perceptual development creates understanding of outside world – stimulates brain activity and development (occipital lobe) Visual Perception - Infants preprogrammed to prefer complex patterns (5-10 weeks) then as they age, human faces (15-20 weeks) – combination of nature/nurture Question: What was the Visual Cliff Experiment originally created to study? What do researchers now think it is a better test of? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WanGt1G6ScA Hearing is much better developed early on…

The Human Spark Viewing Questions https://ket.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/hs11.living.gen.birth.lpde velchild/the-developing-child/ Scroll down on page to get video links for questions Language Error and Brain Activity https://ket.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/hs11.sci.life.stru.brainact/ the-brain-in-action/