Civil Military Cooperation in Enhancing operations Asia and Pacific Regional Sub-Office 2014 BEIJING, CHINA; 30 JUN-11 JUL 2014

Global Civil/Military Cooperation Peace and stability are essential for social and economic development. Mutual trust and confidence are principal requirements for collaboration between civil and military operations. Safety, security and efficiency are common civil and military values Efficiency for civil aviation means more capacity, less delays, cost and fuel burn (emissions). Efficiency for Military aviation means mission effectiveness (peace and through crisis) and realistic training- but equally more capacity, less delays, cost and fuel burn (emissions). Cooperation and coordination through communication. Civil/military cooperation is essential at national, regional and international levels. Airspace is a continuum and a common limited resource for all civil and military users.

Regional Civil Military Cooperation Regional Civil Military Cooperation Examples (2013) Australia: maximising the use of airspace through review – resulting in a reduction of Australian restricted areas from 81 to 15. Different levels of entry status by the independent airspace authority, providing flexibility. China: military collaboration was a priority to release airspace and operate more flexibly, particularly to increase temporary routes and reduce permanently segregated airspace. Hong Kong, China: differing levels of civilian access to military airspace, and uncertainty of information from military for planning. India: 35% of Indian airspace ‘military reserved’, so air traffic growth problematic with conflicting civil, military and space user requirements. Japan: integrated CIVIL/MIL planning, airspace authority vested in JCAB. Thailand: there was cooperation with the military, although about 70% of Thailand’s airspace was affected by SUA.

Best Practices

U.S. Civil/Military Integration Experience U.S. Key Civil/Military Cooperative Interactions for Air Traffic Management The U.S. developed and maintains a single, integrated system of air navigation services with the following objectives: SATISFIES THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF ALL CIVIL AND MILITARY AIR OPERATIONS (EXCLUDING SPECIAL MILITARY NEEDS PECULIAR TO AIR WARFARE); ASSURES SAFE AND RELIABLE OPERATIONS UNDER ALL PREVALENT CONDITIONS; AND ENABLES IMMEDIATE INTEGRATION WITH THE AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM OF THE U.S. Key civil/military cooperative interactions involve strategic activities, tactical operations, and inter-operations. Supporting Note: ATM Security- is the contribution of the ATM System to civil aviation security, national security and defence, law enforcement; and the safeguarding of the ATM System from security threats and vulnerabilities.

U.S. Civil/Military Integration Experience Legislative Framework Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Sole Authority for Airspace Management Regulate Civil and Military Operations National Defense Requirements In Consultation with Secretary of Defense Establish Areas for National Defense The United States created the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to provide a centralized focus for aviation in the national airspace. FAA is the sole authority for airspace management, air traffic regulatory authority, and use of airspace. The FAA Administrator to ensure the best use of the airspace, among other things, needs to: Consider the requirements of national defense, Regulate civil and military operations in the airspace, Consult with the Secretary of Defense, to establish areas in the airspace determined necessary in the interest of national defense. The main objective of the United States legislative framework is to provide for a single national common civil/military system of air navigation and air traffic control that satisfies: Air Navigation and ATC requirements for civil and military operations Except for special military operations

U.S. Civil/Military Integration Experience Civil / Military Coordination The FAA maintain a direct communication channel with Department of Homeland Security Department of Defense Other key agencies involved in aviation security Key Objectives are Harmonization of defense, security with NAS safety and efficiency requirements Scope ranges from tactical operations to strategic planning The FAA has designated the Air Traffic Organization (ATO) to ensure effective partnering on ATM security issues, maintaining a direct communication with: Department of Homeland Security, Department of Defense Other key agencies involved in aviation security, national defense, homeland security, law enforcement, and emergency operations including disaster response. Key objectives include harmonizing defense and homeland security requirements with the safety and efficiency needs of the NAS. The scope of activities ranges from tactical operations to policy and strategic planning.

U.S. Civil/Military Integration Experience Civil / Military Coordination FAA plays a critical role in supporting the U.S. military’s national defense mission Success between the FAA and the U.S. military is built on respect and understanding The FAA, particularly its ANSP component, the Air Traffic Organization (ATO), plays a critical role in supporting the U.S. military’s national defense mission in terms of: Legal responsibilities, including the agency’s plenary authority over U.S. airspace, which was established to better enable the FAA to support air commerce (i.e. civil air traffic ) and national defense. Operational capabilities, including Air Traffic Control (ATC) and shared systems such as long range radars. The success of the partnership between the FAA and the U.S. military is built on respect and understanding for respective missions, collaboration, and earned trust.

U.S. Civil/Military Integration Experience Civil / Military Coordination FAA works with civil operators, the U.S. military and other stakeholders to balance competing demands for airspace access and air navigation services. Military air missions integrated into civil air traffic to support defense efforts and safe and efficient civil aviation Emergence of divergent technologies challenge established arrangements for sharing of infrastructure Complicated near and cross border defense and law enforcement operations The FAA constantly works with civil operators, the U.S. military and other stakeholders to balance competing demands for airspace access and air navigation services. Cooperative solutions: procedures and automation to improve the efficient use of special activity airspace used by the military Military air missions must be integrated into civil air traffic in a way that supports effective defense efforts and safe and efficient civil aviation. Cooperative solutions: interagency coordination on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), including case-by-case authorization of UAS The emergence of divergent technologies (e.g., ADS-B) are challenging established arrangements for the sharing of infrastructure, as well as the push for better shared situational awareness. Cooperative solutions: the integration of civil ATM focused and defense system needs through the JPDO’s NextGen program. Near and cross border defense and law enforcement operations are sometimes complicated by differing ATM and military procedures. Cooperative solutions: joint planning involving the neighboring military , law enforcement, CAA, and ANSP has yielded effective solutions (e.g. Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics)

U.S. Civil/Military Integration Experience Flexible Use of Airspace The U.S. Special Use of Airspace (ICAO FUA) program Limits number and times SUA areas are used Allow ATC to issue clearances – no mil operations Key Objectives are Ensure military services meet their needs Airspace designated for mil. is released to the FAA when no longer in use Based on Letters of Agreement (LOA) and Letters of Procedure (LOP) between FAA and Department of Defense The U.S. Special Use Airspace (SUA, which is more commonly recognized by ICAO as FUA) program establishes, charts, and manages airspace required by federal (military, NASA, etc.) and state government agencies for specific aviation, security, or user requirements. SUA policies limit the numbers and times SUA areas are used to the minimum required. Restricted, Prohibited, and Warning areas are established over sovereign territory, coastal and offshore areas. Warning Areas are established offshore in international airspace where no regulatory restriction can be imposed on flights within that airspace. Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) clearances may be issued by ATC for flight through Warning Areas, only when operations are not taking place. The policy of the Department of Defense (DOD) is to ensure that the military services have sufficient airspace to meet military, training, and test and evaluation requirements for peacetime, contingency, and wartime operations. Airspace designated for military purposes, when not required by the DOD is made available to the FAA for civil use. FAA and DOD will execute a Letter of Agreement (LOA) and a Letter of Procedure (LOP) to assign the FAA controlling facility and define the conditions under which non-participating civil and military traffic may be authorized to operate within the area. Through the Joint Use concept, the using agency, which schedules the SUA, will release the SUA to the FAA during periods when it is not required for its intended military use. This permits greater flexibility in managing traffic within the NAS.

Brazilian Civil/Military Integration Experience FIR AMAZON FIR RECIFE FIR ATLANTIC FIR CURITIBA FIR BRASÍLIA Area of Responsibility 10º W AIR DEFENSE REGION - 4 AIR DEFENSE REGION - 3 AIR DEFENSE REGION - 2 AIR DEFENSE REGION - 1 To optimize airspace coordination and control, each Flight Information Region corresponds to an Air Defense Region, each one of them managed by its respective Area Control Center or Military Operations Center both housed in a unique building, in order to facilitate interaction between their bodies, and, consequently, expediting and enhancing the decision making process, in case of conflicts or during military training operations.

Brazilian Civil/Military Integration Experience Radar Synthesis Brazilian Software ATC Communications Military Air Traffic Control Air Defense The Air Defense and Air Traffic Control Integrated Center uses a unique network of radars and communication, To carry out the air traffic control and airspace defense

Integrated System Benefits Brazilian Civil/Military Integration Experience Integrated System Benefits Resources savings Increased management capacity Improved airspace defense Easy coordination between civil and military air traffic management systems Better airspace sharing Continuous enhancement of air navigation services 1- Resources savings Integrated infrastructure Coordinated budget Reduced costs for procurement and logistic support 2- Increased management capacity 3- Improved airspace defense Integrated planning Faster decision making process 4- Easy coordination between civil and military air traffic management systems 5- Better airspace sharing 6- Continuous enhancement of air navigation services

Japan Civil/Military Coordination Experience

Japan Civil/Military Coordination Experience

Japan Civil/Military Coordination Experience

Japan Civil/Military Coordination Experience

Japan Civil/Military Coordination Experience