INTRODUCTION TO ANIMALS Chapters 26-33

Animal Basics 4 Defining Characteristics Morphology (animal bodies) Invertebrates versus vertebrates

4 DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS: 1. eukaryotic, multi-cellular (no cell walls) 2. heterotrophic 3. sexual reproduction and development 4. movement

Morphology Symmetry Germ Layers Body Cavities Radial Bilateral Endo, meso and ectoderm Body Cavities aka Coelem

Morphology (continued) A closer look at bilateral body symmetry Anatomy terms

Morphology (continued) Cephalization – concentration of sensory and brain structures in anterior region

Morphology (continued) A closer look at germ layers and body cavities Animals are either Acoelomates: no body cavity Pseudocoelomates: false body cavity Coelomates: true body cavity

Animals without Backbones INVERTEBRATES Animals without Backbones 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

REVIEW: ANIMALS CHARACTERISTICS: 1. 2. 3. 4.

REVIEW: ANIMALS CHARACTERISTICS: 1. eukaryotic, multi-cellular (no cell walls) 2. heterotrophic 3. sexual reproduction and development 4. movement

PORIFERA Phylum of _____________ Digestion, circulation, excretion, and gas exchange by ___________________ Body support by ____________ No tissues Sexual and asexual reproduction May have evolved from colonial protists

PORIFERA Phylum of sponges Digestion, circulation, excretion, and gas exchange by amebocytes Body support by spongin No tissues Sexual and asexual reproduction May have evolved from colonial protists

CNIDARIANS Jellyfish, coral, Hydra, sea anemone, sea fans Polyp and medusa body forms __________ symmetry Tentacles with _________cells ____________cavity with one opening for digestion Simple ________ ___ in the outer epidermis to sense the environment Asexual reproduction by ________and sexual reproduction

CNIDARIANS Jellyfish, coral, Hydra, sea anemone, sea fans Polyp and medusa body forms Radial symmetry Tentacles with stinging cells Gastrovascular cavity with one opening for digestion Simple nerve net in the outer epidermis to sense the environment Asexual reproduction by budding and sexual reproduction

PLATYHELMINTHES Flatworms: planarian, tapeworm, and flukes _____________ symmetry _______________ cavity with 1 opening True muscle tissue Ganglia and ____________ nerve cords Asexual fragmentation and _____________ and sexual reproduction Gas exchange by _______ through body wall Acoelomate

PLATYHELMINTHES Flatworms: planarian, tapeworm, and flukes Bilateral symmetry Gastrovascular cavity with 1 opening True muscle tissue Ganglia and ventral nerve cords Asexual fragmentation and regeneration and sexual reproduction Gas exchange by diffusion through body wall Acoelomate

NEMATODA Roundworms: hookworm, pinworm, heartworm, Trichinella, rotifers, soil nematodes ________ digestive tract with mouth and anus ________________ which transports nutrients Gas exchange through _______ body wall Sexual reproduction

NEMATODA Roundworms: hookworm, pinworm, heartworm, Trichinella, rotifers, soil nematodes Complete digestive tract with mouth and anus Pseudocoelom which transports nutrients Gas exchange through moist body wall Sexual reproduction

ANNELIDA ______________ worms: earthworm, sandworm, and leech Coelomate ________ circulatory system Many body systems _______ sets of muscles Sexual reproduction; most are ________________

ANNELIDA Segmented worms: earthworm, sandworm, and leech Coelomate Closed circulatory system Many body systems Two sets of muscles Sexual reproduction; most are hermaphrodites

MOLLUSCA Mollusks: snails, sea slugs; bivalves such as clams, scallops, oysters, and mussels; octopus, squid, and chambered nautilus (cephalopods) All have a __________ _____ and a _____ that produces a shell in most species _________ circulatory system Gas exchange by _______ in mantle cavity in water forms or mantle cavity serves as a ________ in land forms

MOLLUSCA Mollusks: snails, sea slugs; bivalves such as clams, scallops, oysters, and mussels; octopus, squid, and chambered nautilus (cephalopods) All have a muscular foot and a mantle that produces a shell in most species Open circulatory system Gas exchange by gills in mantle cavity in water forms or mantle cavity serves as a lung in land forms

ARTHROPODA Insects, crustaceans, spiders (Arachnids), centipedes, millipedes ___________of protein and chitin; _____ appendages _________ circulatory system ________________ tubules in insects and arachnids remove liquid wastes ____________ _______and/or book lungs in terrestrial forms; gills in aquatic species for gas exchange _______eyes and antennae in many forms Sexual reproduction with separate sexes and _____________ fertilization

ARTHROPODA Insects, crustaceans, spiders (Arachnids), centipedes, millipedes Exoskeleton of protein and chitin; jointed appendages Open circulatory system Malpighian tubules in insects and arachnids remove liquid wastes Tracheal tubes and/or book lungs in terrestrial forms; gills in aquatic species for gas exchange Compound eyes and antennae in many forms Sexual reproduction with separate sexes and internal fertilization

IDENTIFY EACH PICTURE AS TO TYPE OF ARTHROPOD 2. 3. 1. . 5. 6. 4. 9. 8. 7.

IDENTIFY EACH PICTURE AS TO TYPE OF ARTHROPOD crustacean arachnid centipede crustacean insect millipede insect crustacean arachnid

ECHINODERMATA Besides the chordates, this phylum contains the only invertebrates that are ___________________ Examples include sea stars, sand dollar, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sea lilies, brittle star, sea biscuit _________ skinned animals Unique ________ _________ system Secondary _________ symmetry with no segmentation

ECHINODERMATA Besides the chordates, this phylum contains the only invertebrates that are deuterostomes Examples include sea stars, sand dollar, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sea lilies, brittle star, sea biscuit Spiny skinned animals Unique water vascular system Secondary radial symmetry with no segmentation

INVERTEBRATES Animals without Backbones Check your answers from slide 1, then correct any that were wrong and add the phylum name. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

INVERTEBRATES Invertebrate Web Quest Click on the picture below to begin.