3rd Q assessment review
Protein Synthesis
mitosis & meiosis
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Vocabulary
Genetics
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Transcription is?
When DNA is copied into mRNA
Translation is?
Turning mRNA into amino acids
What molecule carries the amino acid to the ribosome and what does it match with?
tRNA carries amino acids and they match with the correct mRNA codon
What is the correct order of protein synthesis?
DNAMRNA (TRANSCRIPTION) TRNA POLYPEPTIDE (TRANSLATION)
Give 3 reasons why mRNA is different from DNA
DNA - 4 different nitrogen bases: A, G, C, T Double stranded molecule (larger) Deoxyribose sugar Found in nucleus Function = tells cell how to function RNA - 4 different nitrogen bases: A, G, C, and U (uracil) Usually a single stranded molecule (smaller) Ribose sugar made in nucleus, travels to ribosome function = code for amino acids to make proteins
Division of body cells is called this (or division of the nucleus)
What is mitosis?
What is Meiosis and when does crossing over occur?
Cell division that occurs in the ovaries & testes; crossing over occurs during Prophase I
The longest phase of the cell cycle
What is interphase?
Phase of the cell cycle when DNA is copied
What is the S phase?
Division of the cytoplasm for plants? Animals?
What is cytokinesis? Cell plate – plants cleavage furrow - animals
Example of a common prokaryote
What are bacteria?
Division of prokaryotic cells is called this
What is binary fission?
Gives hybrids an appearance in between (a mixture) the phenotypes of the two parents
What is Incomplete Dominance?
Multiple alleles for human blood type is an example
What is Codominance?
Family record showing the inheritance of a trait over several generations
What is a pedigree?
Two forms of a Gene
What are alleles?
Genotype referred to as being “Pure”
What is homozygous?
Define Heterozygous
When there are two different alleles from parents in offspring (hybrid)
What is a testcross?
Unknown genotype crossed with a homozygous recessive
Genotype for males
What is XY?
Sex chromosome that has many genes linked to it
What is the X chromosome? (give an example of an X-linked trait)
Chromosome number found in human somatic cells
What is 46?
Human egg and sperm with only 23 chromosomes have this chromosome number
What is 1n or haploid?
Number of copies of each autosome found in the body cell of an organism
What is two? (1 from mom and 1 from dad) called?
What is a zygote?
Cell formed when sperm and egg fuse diploid
Genetics is…
The study of heredity and how traits are inherited
What is another name for sperm and egg cells?
gametes
Genetic engineering is…
A TECHNIQUE USED TO COMBINE, SPLICE, CHANGE, AND EXAMINE GENETIC MATERIAL
Define homozygous
Final Jeopardy
This type of dominance occurs when heterozygous individuals & dominant homozygous individuals are indistinguishable in phenotype
What is complete dominance?