1. DNA, Meiosis, Protein synthesis and Karyotype
Chapter Review
DNA, Meiosis, Protein synthesis and Karyotype

2. A duplication or a copy of DNA is called ________________
A duplication or a copy of DNA is called ________________. DNA replication

3. The physical characteristics of an organism is called _____________
The physical characteristics of an organism is called _____________. traits

4. One of the first people to study inherited traits was ______________
One of the first people to study inherited traits was ______________. Gregor Mendel

5. An egg or sperm cell is also called ____________
An egg or sperm cell is also called ____________. A gamete or a reproductive (sex) cell

6. If a horse’s liver cell has 64 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in its gamete?32

7. Protein is made of ______________. amino acids

8. A cell division that produces 4 genetically different gametes is ___________. meiosis

9. Exchanging DNA between two chromosomes during meiosis is called ______________ that contributes to a genetic variation in a species. Cross-over

10. A fertilized egg has a _____________ number of chromosomes
A fertilized egg has a _____________ number of chromosomes. diploid or double

11. ____________ carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm. mRNA

12. How many chromosomes does a heart cell in humans have?46 23 92 12

13. Meiosis occurs only in the formation of:
Liver cells
Body cells
Reproductive cells
Lung cells

14. What is a zygote? Any cell with a diploid number of chromosomes
A fertilized egg with a diploid number of chromosomes
An unfertilized egg with a haploid number of chromosomes
A process in where an egg cell will become fertilized by sperm cell

15. Where does protein synthesis happen?
Inside a nucleus
In the cytoplasm, specifically in ribosomes
Outside a cell
In mitochondria of a cell

16. Which RNA brings a specific amino acid to a ribosome?
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
RNA

17. What is a gene? A fragment of DNA that codes for proteins
A fragment of DNA molecule that makes up a nucleus
A part of DNA that describes what parents look like
A part of DNA that is responsible for cell’s activities

18. Which nitrogen base is not a part of DNA?
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil

19. What is a codon? Is three bases on mRNA Is three bases in tRNA
Is an amino acid
Is a specific protein

20. What is produced during translation?
A nucleotide
A polypeptide chain
A nucleosome
A pyrimidine

21. What happens during meiosis?
Each sex cell loses half of its chromosomes
Chromosome pairs separate to form new sex cells
Each sex cell copies itself to form four new chromosomes
Chromosome pairs remain together when new sex cells are formed

22. What is a genetic code?
The number of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecules
The order of nitrogen bases along a gene
The order of amino acids in a protein
The number of guanine and cytosine bases in a chromosome

23. What do transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis?
Makes proteins
Brings specific amino acid to a growing protein
Builds ribosome
Copies information from DNA

24. Chromosome pairs are held at a center of:
Chromatin
Centromere
DNA
Chromatid

25. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:
Two strands
One strand
Thymine
Cellulose

26. What happens during the process of replication?
mRNA is made from DNA
The cell uses information from mRNA to produce proteins
tRNA is made from mRNA
Copies of DNA molecules are made

27. If a dog’s body cell has 42 chromosomes, how many chromosomes does its sperm cell have?84 21 20 23

28. How many chromosomes does a stomach cell in human cells have?

29. Which of the following is correctly matched with its function?
rRNA – contains codes to make new ribosomes
DNA – carries the amino acids to the ribosomes
tRNA –combines with proteins to make up ribosomes
mRNA –carries genetic codes from a nucleus to the ribosomes

30. What are chromosomes? Structures of RNA Protein structures
Structures that are made of chromatin
Structures that are made of alleles and centromere

31. Ribosome is made of:
tRNA
rRNA
mRNA
aRNA

32. Gametes have a __________ number of chromosomes.
Haploid
Diploid
Triploid
Half

33. What is genetics? Study of genes and heredity Study of traits
Study of how diseases are passed from one generation to another
Study how many genes are passed from parents to offspring

34. What is chromatin? A tight fragment of DNA
A loose DNA in the nucleus of a cell
A part of gene in the nucleus of a cell
A X-shaped structure that is located in the nucleus

35. Label the letters:
Protein
Amino acid
tRNA
mRNA
rRNA

36. Describe 3 main types of RNA:
mRNA (messenger RNA) – they are messengers from DNA to ribosome in the cytoplasm
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) – is a ribosome that makes protein
tRNA (transfer RNA) – brings specific amino acid to the ribosome

37. What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
-double strand
-single strand
-A, T, G, C
-A, U, G, C
-has sugar called: deoxyribose
-has sugar called: ribose
-stays inside the nucleus (never leaves the nucleus)
-after copying from DNA, it leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, and then attaches to ribosome to make proteins

38. What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis produces 2 genetically same diploid cells while meiosis reproduces 4 genetically different haploid gametes.

39. What is karyotype?
Karyotype- is an organized display of all human chromosomes

40. What is a nucleotide?
A nucleotide is a repetitive part of DNA. A nucleotide has 3 parts: -a nitrogen base -sugar -phosphate group

41. What are specific amino acids for a given codon?
Examples: ACGUGCAGA ACG-UCG-AGA Threonine-cysteine-arginine CUACCUUGA Leucine-proline-stop