The Early Years of the War The Civil War (1861-1865) The Early Years of the War

The first battle First battle of Bull Run (northern Virginia) -30,000 Union troops led by General Irvin McDowell -smaller force of Confederate troops led by General P.T. Beauregard -Northern troops drove confederate troops back at first, but the rebels won the battle with help from General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson and his reinforcements. - The North was surprised by the Confederate victory. Lincoln calls for one million soldiers and appoints George B. McClellan as the new general of the East, the Army of the Potomac

War at Sea Monitor vs. the Merrimack (March 8, 1862) In order to blockade the 3,500 mile coastline of the South, the North added more ships to the Navy. Monitor vs. the Merrimack (March 8, 1862) -Confederate troops salvaged the abandoned Union warship Merrimack, rebuilt it, and covered it with iron plates. -The wooden northern ships were no match to the Merrimack and the North feared that Washington D.C. was in danger. -The Northern ironclad ship the Monitor was sent to stop the Merrimack from advancing on Washington D.C. - The Northern Monitor was victorious.

War at Sea (April 25, 1862) -Union naval forces, lead by David Farragut capture the city of New Orleans - The capture of New Orleans meant that the Confederacy could no longer use the Mississippi river to transport supplies

Fighting in the West General Ulysses S. Grant was commander of the Union troops in the west. Union forces in the west were important to the Union goal of gaining full control of the Mississippi river. -(February 6)Battle of Fort Henry: Union Victory -(February 16) Battle of Fort Donelson: Union Victory These victories drove the Confederates out of Kentucky and made Grant a national hero

The Battle of Shiloh was the bloodiest battle of the War Fighting in the West The Battle of Shiloh -Union forces led by Ulysses S. Grant -Confederate forces led by Albert Johnston and P.T. Beauregard -On the first day Confederate forces drove back Union troops -On the second day Union forces were victorious Together both sides suffered more than 20,000 casualties, people killed or wounded. The Battle of Shiloh was the bloodiest battle of the War

Fighting in the East June, 1862 -General McClellan and the Army of the Potomac attacked the capital of Richmond. -General Robert E.Lee commander of the Confederate army, easily defeated the Union troops Reports of the Richmond disappointed the North, 300,000 more troops were called for.

Fighting in the East Second Battle of Bull Run Union forces led by McClellan and General John Pope. Confederate forces led by Lee and Jackson -The battle ended in a Confederate victory and the capital of Richmond was no longer in danger.

Fighting in the East Battle of Antietam Sept. 17,1862 -Jefferson Davis orders Lee to attack Maryland, hoping a victory would win aid from Great Britain and France. -McClellan acted too cautiously and allowed Lee enough time to gather his troops that were separated into 5 parts in Maryland near the Antietam creek -Close to 6,000 soldiers died and 17,000 soldiers were wounded. -The next day Lee withdrew to Virginia -The Union claimed victory -Lincoln replaced McClellan with Ambrose Burnside

Recap What areas did fighting take place in the early years of the war? Name two major battles of the early years of the war. What side do you feel gained the most from the early part of the war?