Greeks 2000B.C. – 300 B.C.

Philip builds Macedonia’s Power Northern kingdom, viewed as a barbarian foreigners Phillip II of Macedonia

Philip builds Macedonia’s Power Philip’s Army Phillip II of Macedonia, transformed peasant military into a professional army. Developed the use of the sarissas (16-ft. long spears) in the phalanx. Conquest of Greece Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, Macedonia defeats the combined armies of Athens and Thebes. Greece comes under the control of foreign powers. Phillip II of Macedonia

Alexander Defeats Persia Invasion of Persia Phillip planned to invade Persia next. Never got the chance, he was assassinated. His son, Alexander became king at age 20. He would come to be known as Alexander the Great.

Alexander Defeats Persia He was a brilliant general He invaded Persia in 334 B.C. He would eventually face off with the Persian King, Darius III (grandson of Xerxes) at the Battle of Gaugamela. After a surprise attack, Darius had to retreat.

Alexander enter Egypt Alexander then liberated Egypt He was crowned pharoah Founded city that he named for himself: Alexandria Located near mouth of Nile Became center of HELLENISTIC CULTURE

Alexander’s Other Conquests Alexander in India in 327 BC Invaded the lands that Persia controlled to view his new found lands. In 11 years traveled 11,000 miles. Alexander the Great stopped his advances into Asia and turned back because a.      His troops ran out of supplies b.      He had met his goal of defeating Darius c.      His men did not want to continue. d. Darius defeated him.

Horrible History-Alexander the Great http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvRWUCfAPs0

Alexander’s Other Conquests Alexander’s Legacy: Unchallenged Ruler of Southwest Asia and spread of Greek Culture. After the death of Alexander, this new culture emerged that combined Greek, Persian, Indian and Egyptian cultures. Indo-European Hellenistic Euro-Asian d. Anatolian

*Hellenism P= Persian I= Indian G= Greek E= Egyptian Hellenistic = Greek *After the death of Alexander the Great, this new culture emerged.

MASTERY CHECK After the death of Alexander, this new culture emerged that combined Greek, Persian, Indian and Egyptian cultures. Indo-European Hellenistic Euro-Asian Anatolian

Realism in Art “Charioteer” Originally shown with very little expression, some realism, and motionless.

Realism in Art “Nike” Later sculptors began to shape statues in more realistic appearance to show motion and movement

Realism in Art

Realism in Art Discuss Thrower: graceful, strong, perfectly formed figure

Other Greeks influenced the world: Euclid- wrote book with basic ideas of Geometry (his approach still used today) Archimedes- Invented pulley. Also invented “Archimedes Screw”. Used to bring water from a lower level to higher level. Used to irrigate farmland. *Alchemy- theory that develop during Hellenistic time combined spiritual and scientific ideas with the goal of creating gold and prolonging life.

Architecture: The Parthenon

Architecture: The Parthenon Temple of Athena built in 5th Century BC Most important surviving building of Ancient Greece Enduring symbol of Athenian Democracy *Shows the classical Greek ideals of balance and proportion

Greek Contributions to Western Civilization Culture of the Greeks is the foundation of Western Civilization Democracy Olympics Philosophy Architecture Art/Sculpture Mathematics 1) Democracy – Athens (people must participate to be effective) Oligarchy – Sparta (must control military) 2) Games, athleticism 3) Parthenon - Ideals of balance and proportion 4) Nike - Discuss Thrower - Charioteer - 5) Homer – Iliad & Odyssey Socrates – “Unexamined Life is not worth living” 6) Euclid – Geometry & “The Elements” Archimedes – Value of Pi, Invented Catapult Pythagoras – Theory for Triangles 7) Eratosthenes – circumference of Earth Ptolemy – Geocentric Universe 8) Polytheistic – based on family fo Gods headed by Zeus

Horrible History-Greek Olympics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QedMg7Kppr8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9lFwCDuj38

Which of these is not an example of Greek influence in the United States? a.      Architecture b.      Olympic Games c.      Pantheon of Gods d. Democracy