1. The Fall of Greece
Vocabulary
Hellenic
Hellenistic

2. Peloponnesian War
Sparta is jealous of Athens’s power. Sparta (strong land power) declares war on Athens (strong sea power). Sparta burns Athen’s countryside and everyone moves within the city where food is accessible by port from Athenian colonies. Sparta gains the upper hand when a plague hits Athens and when Athens overextends its military. Athens looses its empire and the future rulers are either too weak or indecisive for it to ever recover.

3. Alexander the Great Macedonia North of Greece
Very cold and mountainous
Lived in villages rather than city states
Greeks thought of them as being uncivilized

4. King Phillip II
Organized a army with phalanxes using 18 foot pikes and cavalry
He defeated Greeks in 338 BCE
He was stabbed to death at his daughter’s wedding

5. Alexander Carried out his father’s plan to invade Persia in 334 BCE
He rejected a peace settlement with the Persian king Darius III and invaded Egypt in 332 BCE
Pushed on to India conquering all territories in his path

6. Alexander cont. Alexander’s Legacy
When he reached India his men were tired and ready to return home
Alexander died at home from a fever brought on by malaria, he was only 32.
Alexander’s Legacy
After his death his empire was divided into three sections ruled by his strongest generals
They governed as tyrants

7. The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
Alexandria
In Africa
Became the international community center for trade
It contained the Pharos (stone light house), museum and library

8. Astronomy Aristarchus Ptolemy Eratosthenes Hipparchus
Said planets revolve around the sun
Ptolemy
Said earth was the center of the solar system
Eratosthenes
Calculated the Earth’s size
Hipparchus
Invented latitude and longitude

9. Mathematics Physics Euclid complies work on geometry
Archimedes estimates pi
Physics
Archimedes invented the screw, device to raise water from the ground, catapult, lever and pully

10. Philosophy Zeno Epicurus
Started Stoicism that believed in a divine power who controlled the universe
People should live in harmony
Promoted social unity
Epicurus
Started Epicureanism that believed the universe was composed of atoms and ruled by gods who had no interest in humans

11. Last Slide – Yes!
Art
Moved from being harmonic and idealizing to realistic and emotional