1. Section IV: Alexander Builds a Great Empire (Pages 118-121) This section is about: How Phillip II of Macedonia gained control over his own country and then over all of Greece. How his son Alexander built a great empire that stretched from Egypt to India. How Alexander’s empire spread Greek culture throughout much of the ancient world.

2. By about 400 BC, the Athenians, the Spartans, and Thebes had all tried to control Greece. By about 400 BC, the Athenians, the Spartans, and Thebes had all tried to control Greece. At the same time, Macedonia was becoming stronger. At the same time, Macedonia was becoming stronger. King Philip made friends with many of the Greek city-states by threatening, bribing, and charming Greek leaders into coming to his side. King Philip made friends with many of the Greek city-states by threatening, bribing, and charming Greek leaders into coming to his side. People in Athens warned others about Philip and Macedonia, but by the time they listened, it was too late. People in Athens warned others about Philip and Macedonia, but by the time they listened, it was too late. Phillip’s 18 year old son (Alexander) defeated Athens and the southern Greek city-states in battle. Phillip’s 18 year old son (Alexander) defeated Athens and the southern Greek city-states in battle.

3. Before Phillip could united Greece and Macedonia (and Persia), he was assassinated. Alexander became king of Macedonia and ruler of Greece (at 20). Alexander became king of Macedonia and ruler of Greece (at 20). He had the most powerful army in Europe He had the most powerful army in Europe It was going to be his “job” to conquer the Persian Empire. It was going to be his “job” to conquer the Persian Empire.

4. Alexander had great courage and leadership abilities and was an inspiring commander Don’t forget - he was trained under Aristotle. Don’t forget - he was trained under Aristotle. He believed he would be equal to Achilles (hero in the Trojan War). He believed he would be equal to Achilles (hero in the Trojan War). Alexander is thought of as one of the greatest military leaders of ancient times. Alexander is thought of as one of the greatest military leaders of ancient times. His army never lost a battle. His army never lost a battle. He not only captured existing cities – he built new ones (like Alexandria, Egypt). He not only captured existing cities – he built new ones (like Alexandria, Egypt).

5. Alexander continued on… He marched for 70 days into India (during monsoon season). He marched for 70 days into India (during monsoon season). They defeated an army of soldiers mounted on elephants. They defeated an army of soldiers mounted on elephants. He wanted to keep going, but his soldiers had enough (they had marched about 11,000 miles). He wanted to keep going, but his soldiers had enough (they had marched about 11,000 miles). He was disappointed, but was forced to start back home. He was disappointed, but was forced to start back home. Back in Babylon, Alexander got sick, and died. Back in Babylon, Alexander got sick, and died. None of his men were powerful enough to take over what Alexander had built. None of his men were powerful enough to take over what Alexander had built. A Macedonian general named Ptolemy I ended up being the next ruler. A Macedonian general named Ptolemy I ended up being the next ruler.

6. Because a lot of Greeks settled in Alexander’s new cities They brought Greek language, customs, and culture with them. They brought Greek language, customs, and culture with them. This mixing of cultures is called assimilation. This mixing of cultures is called assimilation. The mixing of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian civilizations culture is called the Hellenistic Period. The mixing of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian civilizations culture is called the Hellenistic Period.

7. During the Hellenistic period Use of money increased. Use of money increased. For the first time – there were real banks. For the first time – there were real banks. Cities like Rhodes became rich: through trade. Cities like Rhodes became rich: through trade. Alexandria replaced Athens as a center of learning and education (had the largest library, second tallest building, and a giant statue (the colossus). Alexandria replaced Athens as a center of learning and education (had the largest library, second tallest building, and a giant statue (the colossus). Hellenistic writers even made a list of… (in a couple of slides)… Hellenistic writers even made a list of… (in a couple of slides)…

9. The Lighthouse at Alexandria was said to have measured between 115 and 135 m (380 and 440 ft) in height. It may have been the world's third tallest building after the two Great Pyramids. It Lasted until 1303 (earthquake) The Royal Library of Alexandria, was the largest and most significant library of the ancient world The Colossus of Rhodes was a statue of the Greek Titan Helios, built on the Greek island of Rhodes between 292 and 280 BC. It was constructed to celebrate Rhodes' victory over the ruler of Cyprus

10. The Seven “Wonders” of the World (the ancient world) (from left to right, top to bottom): Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria

11. 7 Wonders of the Ancient World Great Pyramid of Giza Hanging Gardens of Babylon Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Statue of Zeus at Olympia Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Colossus of Rhodes Lighthouse of Alexandria

12. Many inventions and discoveries from this time are still useful today 1. Hippocrates 2. Pythagoras 3. Eratosthenes 4. Euclid 5. Archimedes A. Geometry theorems, invented the catapult, a pulley and developed new weapons. B. Figured the Earth’s circumference, made a calendar with leap years, worked with prime numbers. C. Wrote a Geometry book that was used for about 2000 years. D. “The Father of Medicine” E. Created a geometry formula for figuring out the size of a right triangle.

13. Horrible Histories: Alexander the Great Horrible Histories: Alexander the Great Song