pp. 316-319 Essential Question: Why does conflict begin? Standard 6.62 11.2 The Punic Wars pp. 316-319 Essential Question: Why does conflict begin? Standard 6.62

Vocabulary Carthage Sicily Hannibal Scipio Punic Wars AKA Carthaginian Wars

The First Punic War: Carthage Vs. Rome over Sicily

The second Punic war Carthage’s greatest general = Hannibal Compared to Alexander the Great Excellent leader Earned loyalty and respect from his soldiers early on Genius of war strategies

What are the possible rewards and failures of Hannibal’s true attack route? Possible Failures The element of surprise Hannibal will face less opposition if the Romans aren’t ready Locals could be supportive Soldiers could fall to their death in the alps Attacked by the locals soldiers and elephants could die supplies could run out Alps 10,000 feet altitude extreme cold 1500 mile journey Turn and Talk: Can Hannibal make it across the Alps? Explain.

Advantages/Disadvantages of War elephants? Crossing the Alps

War Elephants Advantages Disadvantages create terror among men and horses alike (biggest advantage) elephants threw foot soldiers to the ground, punctured enemy soldiers or trampled them some elephants were fitted with war boxes (held 3 or 4 archers) screaming war elephants freaked out horses. hard to control if something sets them off big targets - could hurt their own troops Can eat up to 400 lbs. of vegetation every day could do as much damage to their own army as the opposing army.

strategies that the Romans used to defeat Hannibal’s war elephants. Portable minefield- wooden shed with metal spikes pierce elephants feet War wagons w/ flame thrower of long metal tipped spears Coated pigs with flammable oil and lit them on fire, set them loose and freaked out the elephants Attacked elephants from the side

things you should know about the battle of Cannae Considered the bloodiest battle-- had (possibly) resulted in the highest loss of human life in a single day in any battle recorded in history. It was Hannibal's finest hour and forced the Romans to learn a painful lesson. 2 major battles had taken place at Trebia and at Lake Trasimene in Italy, both of which Hannibal remained victorious. A lot is made of the psychological impact his elephants had on terrified Roman troops, but by the Battle of Cannae all Hannibal's elephants had died.

things you should know about the battle of Cannae Hannibal’s men were outnumbered - Rome = ~48,000 Infantry and ~6,000 Cavalry Carthage = ~ 35,000 Infantry and 10,000 Cavalry Hannibal trapped the Roman Army by letting the Roman Infantry push forward into the Carthaginian Infantry. The Romans become surrounded/trapped on 3 sides. Hannibal’s superior cavalry rides in to close off the 4th side. Rome loses. ~ 50,000 casualties Rome calls on Scipio to deliver the Romans from the troublesome Carthaginians. Source: http://www.roman-empire.net/army/cannae.html

Sicily, Spain, and Carthage

The third Punic War: Destruction of Carthage

Territory spreads East

Who is fighting in all three Punic Wars? Who is Scipio? Who is Hannibal? Why is he so well-known? In the First Punic War, why do Rome and Carthage want the small island of Sicily? What battle strategy did Hannibal use against the Romans in the Second Punic War? Who won each of the Punic Wars? First- Second – Third -