Chapter 7, Section 1: Crisis in Europe Quick review multiple choice from Ch5 Finish trade routes map / begin Ch7 Reading notes (p. 211-214) 3. Illustration for section 1(2nd, 5th) Students will be able to explain how religious conflict impacted the reigns of The monarchs of England, France, Spain.

Chapter 7, Section 1 Europe in Crisis: The Wars of Religion Be able to explain how the Protestant Reformation contributed to the Wars of Religion in Europe in the 16th century.

Take a few minutes to finish up the packet from Friday.

Review Protestant Reformation = Martin Luther, 95 Theses, split from Catholic Church Other denominations begin to spread  Calvinism spreads to Switzerland, France, and The Netherlands Catholic powers = not happy! Today, we’re focusing on how the differences in religions caused Conflict between Monarchs (kings/queens) And the people.

FRANCE

French Wars of Religion By 1562, tensions boiled over between Calvinists (Huguenots) and Catholics as they competed for authority in Europe. This led to out right war, which is called the French wars of Religion or the French Civil War

The Huguenots (French Calvinists) Huguenots made up only 7% of the French population, but 40-50-% of them were nobles (some in line for the throne) with power within the government

Catherine de Medici Family from Florence, Italy Wife of Henry II, King of France Regent for sons (ruled in their name) Ruled because sons too young / incompetent (Francis II (died after a little over a year in power); Charles IX, mentally incompetent); Henry III (inefficient)

St.Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 1572 - Swift execution of Huguenots beginning at a wedding (Within 3 days- 20,000 Huguenots killed) King Charles IX: “But then you must kill all the Huguenots in France so that none shall be left to reproach me. Kill them all! Kill them all!”

Henry of Navarre In 1589 Henry of Navarre (a nobleman and Huguenot) succeeded to the throne of France and a series of battles and was named Henry IV Henry IV immediately converted to Catholicism (“Paris is worth a mass”) The Edict on Nantes allowed religious tolerance for Huguenots Edict: an official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority.

SPAIN

The Habsburg Dynasty Remember Charles V from the Reformation?

Philip II of Spain Philip II was the “most Catholic King” of Spain whose main goal was to consolidate (unite under his control) his lands which included Spain, Central and South America, the Netherlands, and parts of Italy Philip II was sure that God had chosen Spain to save Catholicism from the Protestant heretics (people against God)

The Empire of Philip II

Philip’s Reality However, in reality Spain was broke, it had used up all of it’s treasury to fight wars and live lavishly. Philip had allowed Spain’s once mighty military to become outdated Power had actually shifted to France and England

ENGLAND (but we’ll come back to SPAIN)

The Tudors of England

England Elizabeth Tudor became Queen of England in 1558 and immediately took control of the government and the church The Church of England would be a moderate form of Protestantism

Elizabeth I (1558-1603) The red-haired daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, she became England’s greatest leader. She kept control of England by refusing to marry anyone (no alliances) She kept religious wars down, advanced exploration, became a patron of the arts, and brought England to the position of world power with the defeat of the Spanish Armada

Spain v. England A long awaited showdown between England and Spain finally occurred in 1588 Philip II launched an invasion of England

Philip’s Motives Philip II had two major motives for the invasion: 1. To finally put an end to the Church of England (Protestantism) and bring back Catholicism to England 2. He had been informed that the Queen had been responsible for the piracy of Spanish ships returning from the Americas

The Spanish Armada(or Fleet) 130 ships with 1150 cannons vs. an English fleet of 105 ships with 1950 cannons Even though the Spanish outnumbered the English they had 3 problems 1. The English had small faster more maneuverable ships 2. The English strategy of fire ships broke up the Spanish convoy 3. Nature, storms and the under sea current under the Atlantic

Spanish Galleon v. English Schooner

The Defeat of the Spanish Armada The defeat of the Armada signaled the beginning of the decline of Spanish power

Defeat of the Armada https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39fmG1IGjjc (animation) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hz9KxLFU8Ls

Not Homework –Venn Diagram Using the Venn diagram chart, compare and contrast the reigns and religious policies of Henry of Navarre, Philip II, and Queen Elizabeth of England.

Not Homework - Reflective Response In a well developed paragraph, compare and contrast the reigns and religious policies of Henry of Navarre, Philip II, and Queen Elizabeth of England.