Cell Organelles Concepts 6.4 and 6.5

The three main parts of a cell Boundary Cytoplasm Nucleus Each of the following organelles is found in one of these parts of the cell

Cell Membrane Function: selectively permeable membrane that protects the cell by controlling what enters and leaves the cell Is like a…guard, because a cell membrane controls what enters and leaves a cell, like a guard controls what enters and leaves a building

Cell Wall Function: protects and gives shape to a cell. Is like a…shoe, because a shoe protects a foot, like a cell wall protects a cell

No cell wall in animal cells!

Chloroplasts Site of photosyntheis Are like a… cheese factory, because a cheese factory is a place that makes food for people, and chloroplasts are a place that make food for plants

No Chloroplasts in Animal Cells!

Chromosomes Structures that are made of DNA Are like…cabinets, because chromosomes are structures that organize DNA, like cabinets are structures that organize dishes.

Cytoplasm Is the gel-like material that holds all of the organelles in their places Is like… hairspray, because cytoplasm holds organelles in place, like hairspray holds hair in place

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Allows materials to be transported around the cell Is like… a highway, because the ER allows things to be transported around a cell, like a highway allows things to be transported around the country

Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body) Modifies, packages and ships proteins for transport throughout the cell Is like… the post office, because the golgi modifies, packages and ships proteins for transport, like the post office modifies, packages and ships letters for transport

Lysosome Use enzymes to digest (break down) old cell parts, food, invading viruses or bacteria Is like… a garbage disposal, because lysosomes breaks down old cell parts, like a garbage disposal breaks up old food

Lysosomes often not found in plant cells

Mitochondria Supplies the cell with energy Are like… a power plant, because mitochondria provide the cell with energy, like a power plant provides a city with energy

Nuclear Membrane (Envelope) Protective membrane around the nucleus that controls what is allowed to enter or leave the nucleus Is like… a glove, because the nuclear membrane protects the nucleus, like a glove protects the hand

Nucleolus Makes ribosomes Is like… a chef, because a nucleolus makes ribosomes, like a chef makes a meal

Nucleus Control center of the cell Is like… the white house, because the white house is the control center of the USA.

Ribosomes Are the site of protein synthesis Are like…a chocolate factory, because ribosomes are where proteins are made and a chocolate factory is where chocolate is made.

Vacuole Stores food, water or waste products Is like a refrigerator, because a vacuole stores food, and a refrigerator stores food

Cilia sensory cellular “antennae” that help cell movement, or of movement over a cell’s surface. Cilia are like brooms, because cilia move items across a cell’s surface, like brooms move items across the floor.

No cilia in this animal cell.

Cilia The cilia in these protists are stained blue

Cilia Mucus traps microorganisms and prevents them from doing harm to the body. Cilia on the surface of the epithelial cells propels mucus and trapped microbes upwards towards the throat where it is swallowed or coughed up.

Cilia are rare in plant cells.

Flagella Tail – like structures that propel a cell Are like propellers because flagella move cells forward like propellers move boats forward.

Flagella Escherichia coli cells use long, thin structures called flagella to propel themselves. These flagella form bundles that rotate counter-clockwise, creating a torque that causes the bacterium to rotate clockwise.

No flagella in plant cells.

Color-Code your chart! Now mark your chart. Organelles that are found in the boundary mark with a BLUE highlighter / marker / colored pencil Organelles that are found in the cytoplasm mark with a YELLOW highlighter / marker / colored pencil Organelles that are found in the nucleus mark with a RED highlighter / marker / colored pencil