Chapter 8 Acids and Bases 8.1 Acids and Bases Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Acids Arrhenius acids produce H+ ions in water. H2O HCl(g) H+(aq) + Cl- (aq) are electrolytes. have a sour taste. turn litmus red. neutralize bases.

Names of Acids Acids with H and a nonmetal are named with the prefix hydro and end with ic acid. HCl hydrochloric acid Acids with H and a polyatomic ion are named by changing the end of the name of the polyatomic ion from ate to ic acid or ite to ous acid. ClO3− chlorate HClO3 chloric acid ClO2− chlorite HClO2 chlorous acid

Names of Some Common Acids

Learning Check Select the correct name for each of the following acids. A. HBr 1. bromic acid 2. bromous acid 3. hydrobromic acid B. H2CO3 1. carbonic acid 2. hydrocarbonic acid 3. carbonous acid C. HBrO2 1. bromic acid 2. hydrobromous acid 3. bromous acid

Solution A. HBr 3. hydrobromic acid The name of an acid with H and one nonmetal uses the prefix hydro and ends with ic acid. B. H2CO3 1. carbonic acid An acid with H and a polyatomic ion is named by changing the end of an ate ion to ic acid. C. HBrO2 3. bromous acid This acid of bromite (BrO2-) is bromous acid.

Bases Arrhenius bases produce OH− ions in water. taste bitter or chalky. are electrolytes. feel soapy and slippery. neutralize acids.

Some Common Bases Bases with OH- ions are named as the hydroxide of the metal in the formula. NaOH sodium hydroxide KOH potassium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide Fe(OH)3 iron(III) hydroxide

Learning Check A. ___HNO2 1) iodic acid B. ___Ca(OH)2 2) sulfuric acid Match the formulas with the names. A. ___HNO2 1) iodic acid B. ___Ca(OH)2 2) sulfuric acid C. ___H2SO4 3) sodium hydroxide D. ___HIO3 4) nitrous acid E. ___NaOH 5) calcium hydroxide

Solution A. 4 HNO2 nitrous acid B. 5 Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide Match the formulas with the names. A. 4 HNO2 nitrous acid B. 5 Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide C. 2 H2SO4 sulfuric acid D. 1 HIO3 iodic acid E. 3 NaOH sodium hydroxide

Comparing Acids and Bases

Learning Check Identify each as a characteristic of an A) acid or B) base. ____1. has a sour taste ____2. produces OH- in aqueous solutions ____3. has a chalky taste ____4. is an electrolyte ____5. produces H+ in aqueous solutions

Solution A) acid or B) base. A 1. has a sour taste Identify each as a characteristic of an A) acid or B) base. A 1. has a sour taste B 2. produces OH- in aqueous solutions B 3. has a chalky taste A, B 4. is an electrolyte A 5. produces H+ in aqueous solutions