WHI: SOL 6d Punic Wars.

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WHI: SOL 6d Punic Wars

Punic Wars Rome vs. Carthage (264–146 b.c. [b.c.e.]) Rome and Carthage were in competition for trade. Hannibal invaded the Italian Peninsula. Three wars resulted in Roman victory, the destruction of Carthage, and expanded trade and wealth for Rome.

1st Punic War Carthage was south of Rome, in northern Africa Settled by Phoenicians and North Africans Conflict arose over competition for trade Punicius means Phoenician in Latin Rome defeated Carthage and won control of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia

2nd Punic War 218 b.c. Hannibal led his troops, including war elephants, across the Pyrenees, through France, and over the Alps into Italy Hannibal lost 1/3 of his army Surprised the Romans (were expecting an attack from the south) For 15 years, Hannibal moved across Italy, winning battle after battle (did not capture Rome) Finally, Hannibal returned to defend his homeland and was defeated

3rd Punic War Rome wanted revenge for the destruction caused by Hannibal Senator Cato ended every speech with “Carthage must be destroyed” Rome completely destroyed Carthage Survivors were killed or sold into slavery Poured salt over the Earth so that nothing would grow there again Rome took control of the Mediterranean

Why was Rome able to conquer Carthage and then go on to extend its influence across the entire Mediterranean basin and much of Western Europe?

Evolution of the Roman Empire and spread of Roman culture Mediterranean basin (Africa, Asia, Europe, including the Hellenistic world of the Eastern Mediterranean) Western Europe (Gaul, British Isles) Following its victory over Carthage in the Punic Wars, Rome dominated the Mediterranean basin for 100 years. This led to the diffusion of Roman culture throughout the area.